.svg/2000px-Anti-Revolutionaire_Partij_logo_(1968-1980).svg.png){kind=logo}
Community hub
Recent from talks
Knowledge base stats:
Talk channels stats:
Members stats:
Anti-Revolutionary Party
The Anti-Revolutionary Party (Dutch: Anti-Revolutionaire Partij, ARP) was a Protestant conservative and Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands between 1879 and 1980.
The ARP was founded in 1879 by Abraham Kuyper, a neo-Calvinist theologian and minister. Under his leadership, the party sought to represent the Orthodox Reformed "small folks" (kleine luyden) and obtain equal funding for religious schools. In the 1880s, they achieved electoral success and became a major political force. Alongside the Catholics, they served three terms in government between 1888 and 1918. In 1898, a number of conservative members split from the party over its support for the extension of suffrage, and eventually form the Christian Historical Union (CHU). In the interwar period, the ARP was continuously in government, most prominently under the leadership of Kuyper's successor Hendrikus Colijn, who served as prime minister between 1925 and 1926, and again between 1933 and 1939.
In the Postwar era, the ARP was led by Jan Schouten. The party was relegated to the opposition benches by the Roman/Red coalition in 1946, but rejoined the government in 1952. In response to electoral decline in the 1960s and early 1970s, the ARP adopted a more progressive, "radical evangelical" image, while also seeking closer cooperation with the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and the CHU, with the three parties merging to form the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) in 1980.
In the mid-19th century, the historian Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer laid the foundations of an Orthodox Reformed body of political thought. The Protestant nature of the Dutch nation occupied a central role in this body of thought, and Groen and his followers were consequently fiercely anti-Catholic; in 1853, they joined the April movement in response to the reestablishment of the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands. They also opposed the modern ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, including popular sovereignty, liberalism and rationalism. As such, they adopted the label antirevolutionary.
Groen had been the sole antirevolutionary in the House of Representatives since 1840, but the first direct election in 1848 saw the election of a few other antirevolutionaries. Under Groen's leadership, they formed a distinct parliamentary grouping. Despite its small size, often comprising no more than three or four members, its principled approach often made it the most important opponent of the liberals. Despite its distinct identity in parliament, however, there was much overlap between antirevolutionaries and the larger conservative movement in electoral politics. The two groups were united in their sympathy for Christian education, their concern about the direction of the Dutch Reformed Church and their love for the royal house. Many Orthodox Reformed voters voted for conservative candidates, and antirevolutionaries were generally elected only where the conservatives refrained from fielding a candidate.
This changed in the late 1860s, when the Van Zuylen van Nijevelt cabinet sought to bring about an anti-liberal coalition consisting of conservatives, antirevolutionaries and Catholics, and offered the latter two a new school act. The liberal majority in the House of Representatives formed a united front, however, and two snap elections failed to break their majority, leading the cabinet to resign in 1868. This conflict led to a polarisation between conservatives and liberals which resounded in electoral politics. Conservatives portrayed the liberals as radical republicans, while liberals decried the conservatives for their rapprochement with the Catholics. Many Catholic voters in Protestant-majority districts voted for conservative candidates, while Protestant voters shifted their support to liberal candidates.
The disappointment of the Van Zuylen van Nijevelt cabinet and the inability of the antirevolutionaries to benefit from the resulting realignment led Groen to abandon politics. This left the antirevolutionaries without a leader until the leadership was picked up by the young Dutch Reformed theologian Abraham Kuyper. Kuyper, with whom Groen van Prinsterer had begun to correspond in 1864, founded the antirevolutionary newspaper De Standaard in 1872, and was elected to the House of Representatives in 1874. He is credited with the electoral success of the antirevolutionaries in the 1870s, with their parliamentary group growing from around five members in 1868 to thirteen in 1875.
On 3 April 1879, Abraham Kuyper founded the ARP as the first nationally organised political party in the Netherlands. An 1878 petition for equal payment for religious schools became one of the catalysts for the foundation of the political movement. In 1877, Kuyper had already written "Our Programme" in which the political ideals of the ARP were written down. Around the ARP the separate Protestant society began to grow: in addition to De Standaard, many Protestant schools were founded, and the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam was established as a Protestant university in 1880. Kuyper led the 1886 Dutch Reformed Church split, which resulted in the establishment of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands in 1892.
Hub AI
Anti-Revolutionary Party AI simulator
(@Anti-Revolutionary Party_simulator)
Anti-Revolutionary Party
The Anti-Revolutionary Party (Dutch: Anti-Revolutionaire Partij, ARP) was a Protestant conservative and Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands between 1879 and 1980.
The ARP was founded in 1879 by Abraham Kuyper, a neo-Calvinist theologian and minister. Under his leadership, the party sought to represent the Orthodox Reformed "small folks" (kleine luyden) and obtain equal funding for religious schools. In the 1880s, they achieved electoral success and became a major political force. Alongside the Catholics, they served three terms in government between 1888 and 1918. In 1898, a number of conservative members split from the party over its support for the extension of suffrage, and eventually form the Christian Historical Union (CHU). In the interwar period, the ARP was continuously in government, most prominently under the leadership of Kuyper's successor Hendrikus Colijn, who served as prime minister between 1925 and 1926, and again between 1933 and 1939.
In the Postwar era, the ARP was led by Jan Schouten. The party was relegated to the opposition benches by the Roman/Red coalition in 1946, but rejoined the government in 1952. In response to electoral decline in the 1960s and early 1970s, the ARP adopted a more progressive, "radical evangelical" image, while also seeking closer cooperation with the Catholic People's Party (KVP) and the CHU, with the three parties merging to form the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) in 1980.
In the mid-19th century, the historian Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer laid the foundations of an Orthodox Reformed body of political thought. The Protestant nature of the Dutch nation occupied a central role in this body of thought, and Groen and his followers were consequently fiercely anti-Catholic; in 1853, they joined the April movement in response to the reestablishment of the episcopal hierarchy in the Netherlands. They also opposed the modern ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, including popular sovereignty, liberalism and rationalism. As such, they adopted the label antirevolutionary.
Groen had been the sole antirevolutionary in the House of Representatives since 1840, but the first direct election in 1848 saw the election of a few other antirevolutionaries. Under Groen's leadership, they formed a distinct parliamentary grouping. Despite its small size, often comprising no more than three or four members, its principled approach often made it the most important opponent of the liberals. Despite its distinct identity in parliament, however, there was much overlap between antirevolutionaries and the larger conservative movement in electoral politics. The two groups were united in their sympathy for Christian education, their concern about the direction of the Dutch Reformed Church and their love for the royal house. Many Orthodox Reformed voters voted for conservative candidates, and antirevolutionaries were generally elected only where the conservatives refrained from fielding a candidate.
This changed in the late 1860s, when the Van Zuylen van Nijevelt cabinet sought to bring about an anti-liberal coalition consisting of conservatives, antirevolutionaries and Catholics, and offered the latter two a new school act. The liberal majority in the House of Representatives formed a united front, however, and two snap elections failed to break their majority, leading the cabinet to resign in 1868. This conflict led to a polarisation between conservatives and liberals which resounded in electoral politics. Conservatives portrayed the liberals as radical republicans, while liberals decried the conservatives for their rapprochement with the Catholics. Many Catholic voters in Protestant-majority districts voted for conservative candidates, while Protestant voters shifted their support to liberal candidates.
The disappointment of the Van Zuylen van Nijevelt cabinet and the inability of the antirevolutionaries to benefit from the resulting realignment led Groen to abandon politics. This left the antirevolutionaries without a leader until the leadership was picked up by the young Dutch Reformed theologian Abraham Kuyper. Kuyper, with whom Groen van Prinsterer had begun to correspond in 1864, founded the antirevolutionary newspaper De Standaard in 1872, and was elected to the House of Representatives in 1874. He is credited with the electoral success of the antirevolutionaries in the 1870s, with their parliamentary group growing from around five members in 1868 to thirteen in 1875.
On 3 April 1879, Abraham Kuyper founded the ARP as the first nationally organised political party in the Netherlands. An 1878 petition for equal payment for religious schools became one of the catalysts for the foundation of the political movement. In 1877, Kuyper had already written "Our Programme" in which the political ideals of the ARP were written down. Around the ARP the separate Protestant society began to grow: in addition to De Standaard, many Protestant schools were founded, and the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam was established as a Protestant university in 1880. Kuyper led the 1886 Dutch Reformed Church split, which resulted in the establishment of the Reformed Churches in the Netherlands in 1892.