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Aren Maeir (left) at Tell es-Safi

Aren Maeir (Hebrew: ארן מאיר; born 1958) is an American-born Israeli archaeologist and professor in the Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology at Bar-Ilan University.[1] He is director of the Tell es-Safi/Gath Archaeological Project.[2]

Biography

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Aren Maeir was born in Rochester, New York, United States. He immigrated to Israel in 1969 and has lived there since. Following his service in the Israel Defense Forces (where he reached the rank of captain), he did his undergraduate and graduate studies at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem (PhD 1997 summa cum laude), and did a post-doctorate (2002-2003) at the (now defunct) Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology at MIT. He has been teaching at Bar-Ilan University since 1992.[3]

Archaeology and academic career

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He has participated in, and directed, numerous archaeological excavations in Israel, including at the following sites: Jerusalem, Hazor, Yoqneam, Tell Qasile, Beth-Shean, and since 1996, at Tell es-Safi/Gath. He is married to Adina (née Hartman), and they have three sons and four grandchildren.

His expertise lies in the Bronze and Iron Age cultures of the Eastern Mediterranean, with special emphasis on those of the Ancient Levant. Among the topics that he has studied are: ancient trade; metallurgy; pottery production and provenance; scientific applications in archaeology; archaeological survey; the archaeology of Jerusalem; the Middle Bronze Age of the Levant; chronology of the 2nd Millennium BCE; the Sea Peoples and the Philistines; relations between Egypt and the Levant; ancient weapons and warfare; ancient cult and religion.

Between 2005 and 2007 he served as the Chairman of the Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology ([1]) at Bar-Ilan University. Along with Prof. Steve Weiner of the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, he initiated and co-directed the now defunct joint Bar-Ilan University/Weizmann Institute of Science program in Archaeological Science. He currently (2020-) is the director of the Institute of Archaeology at Bar-Ilan University, co-director of the Minerva Center for the Relations between Israel and Aram in Biblical Times (RIAB; aramisrael.org), director of the Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies, and co-editor of the Israel Exploration Journal.

Since 1996 he has directed the Ackerman Family Bar-Ilan University Expedition to Gath, excavating the ancient site of Tell es-Safi, which is identified as Canaanite and Philistine Gath (one of the five cities of the Philistines mentioned in the Bible, the home of Goliath). Over the years, he has written and edited, close to 20 volumes and published around 300 papers.

Selected works

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  • Ackermann, O., A. Faust, and A. Maeir, eds. 2005. Archaeology and Environment: Conference proceedings. In Hebrew. Ramat-Gan: Bar-Ilan University.
  • Ben-Shlomo, D., I. Shai, and A. Maeir. 2004. Late Philistine Decorated Ware (“Ashdod Ware”): Typology, Chronology and Production Centers. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 335 (August):1-35.
  • Ben-Shlomo, D., I. Shai, A. Zukerman, and A. Maeir. 2008. Cooking Identities: Aegean-Style and Philistine Cooking Jugs and Cultural Interaction in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age. American Journal of Archaeology 112(2), April:225-46.
  • Maeir, A. 1997. The material culture of the Central and Northern Jordan valley in the Middle Bronze Age II: Pottery and settlement pattern. Ph.D. diss. Jerusalem: Hebrew University.
  • ------. 1997. T.1181, area L, Hazor: A multiple interment burial cave of the MBIIA/B period. In Hazor V, ed. A. Ben-Tor, 295-340. Jerusalem.
  • ------. 2004. Bronze and Iron Age Tombs at Tel Gezer, Israel: Finds from the Excavations by Raymond-Charles Weill in 1914 and 1921. N. Panitz-Cohen, et al. British Archaeological Reports International Series 1206. Oxford: Archaeopress.
  • ------. 2004. The Historical Background and Dating of Amos VI 2: An Archaeological Perspective from Tell es-Safi/Gath. Vetus Testamentum 54(3):319-34.
  • ------. 2008. The Middle Bronze Age II Pottery. In Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean 1989-1996, Volume II: The Middle and Late Bronze Age Strata in Area R, ed. A. Mazar and R. Mullins, 242-389. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
  • ------. 2008. Zafit, Tel. In The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land 5: Supplementary volume, ed. E. Stern, 2079-81. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
  • ------. 2010 Stones, Bones, Texts and Relevance: Or How I Lost My Fear of Biblical Archaeology and Started Enjoying It. Pp. 295–303 in Historical Biblical Archaeology and the Future: The New Pragmatism, ed. T. Levy. London: Equinox.
  • ------. 2010 “And Brought in the Offerings and the Tithes and the Dedicated Things Faithfully” (II Chron 31:12): On the Meaning and Function of the Late Iron Age Judahite “Incised Handle Cooking Pot.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 130(1):43–62.
  • ------. 2008 Aegean Feasting and Other Indo-European Elements in the Philistine Household. Pp. 347–52 in DAIS - the Aegean Feast: Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Aegean Conference, Melbourne 25–29 March 2008, eds. R. Laffineur and L. Hitchcock. Aegeaum 29. Liege: University of Liege.
  • ------. 2010 “In the Midst of the Jordan”: The Jordan Valley During the Middle Bronze Age (Ca. 2000–1500 BCE) - Archaeological and Historical Correlates. Contributions to the Chronology of the Eastern Mediterranean, Vol. 26. Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
  • ------. 2011 . The Archaeology of earliest Jerusalem: From the late Proto-Historic periods (ca. 5th Millennium BCE) to the end of the Bronze Age (ca. 1200 BCE). In Jerusalem in Perspective: 150 Years of Archaeological Research. Proceedings of the Conference held at Brown University November 12–14, 2006, ed. K. Galor and G. Avni. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.
  • Maeir, A., and P. de Miroschedji, eds. 2006. “I Will Speak the Riddles of Ancient Times”: Archaeological and Historical Studies in Honor of Amihai Mazar on the Occasion of his Sixtieth Birthday. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.
  • Maeir, A., and J. Yellin. 2008. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis of selected pottery from Tel Beth Shean and the Central Jordan Valley. In Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean 1989-1996, Volume II: The Middle and Late Bronze Age Strata in Area R, ed. A. Mazar and R. Mullins, 554-71. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society.
  • ------. 2012. Tell es-Safi/Gath I: Report on the 1996–2005 Seasons. Ägypten und Altes Testament 69. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
  • ------. 2012. Insights on the Philistine Culture and Related Issues: An Overview of 15 Years of Work at Tell es-Safi/Gath. Pp. 345–403 in The Ancient Near East in the 12th-10th Centuries BCE, Culture and History: Proceedings of the International Conference Held in the University of Haifa, 2–5 May 2010, eds. G. Galil, A. Gilboa, A. M. Maeir and D. Kahn. Alter Orient und Altes Testament 392. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.
  • ------. 2012. Philistia and the Judean Shephelah After Hazael: The Power Play Between the Philistines, Judeans and Assyrians in the 8th Century BCE in Light of the Excavations at Tell es-Safi/Gath. Pp. 241–62 in Disaster and Relief Management - Katastrophen und ihre Bewältigung, ed. A. Berlejung. Forschungen zum Alten Testament 81. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
  • ------. 2013. Review of: A. Faust. 2012. The Archaeology of Israelite Society. Eisenbrauns: Winona Lake, IN. Review of Biblical Literature.
  • Meiri, M., Huchon, D., Bar-Oz, G., Boaretto, E., Kolska Horwitz, L., Maeir, A. M., Sapir-Hen, L., Larson, G., Weiner, S., and Finkelstein, I. 2013. Ancient DNA and Population Turnover in Southern Levantine Pigs- Signature of the Sea Peoples Migration? Scientific Reports 3 : 3035 | DOI: 10.1038/srep03035.

References

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Aren Maeir

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Aren Maeir is an American-born Israeli archaeologist and professor known for directing the Tell es-Safi/Gath Archaeological Project, which has profoundly reshaped understanding of Philistine culture, origins, society, and interactions with ancient Israel and Judah during the Iron Age. He serves as a professor in the Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology at Bar-Ilan University, where he heads the Institute of Archaeology and has held leadership roles in related research centers and journals. Born in Rochester, New York, in 1958, Maeir immigrated to Israel with his family in 1969 and completed his schooling in Jerusalem. He served as a captain in the Israel Defense Forces from 1977 to 1982 before pursuing higher education at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, earning a B.A. in Archaeology and Jewish History (summa cum laude) in 1986 and a Ph.D. in Archaeology (summa cum laude) in 1997. His research expertise centers on Biblical and Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, particularly the Bronze and Iron Ages, with an emphasis on multidisciplinary approaches integrating scientific methods and anthropological perspectives. Maeir has participated in excavations at sites including Hazor, Beth Shean, and Tel Qasile, and has directed projects in Jerusalem and the Beth Shean Valley, but his most prominent work is the ongoing Tell es-Safi/Gath excavation, which he has led for more than twenty-five years. The project has yielded major discoveries illuminating Philistine material culture, ritual practices, urban development, metallurgical production, and historical events referenced in biblical texts, such as the conquest of Gath by Hazael and evidence of the Uzziah earthquake. He is also co-director of the Minerva Center for the Relations between Israel and Aram in Biblical Times, director of the Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies, and co-editor of the Israel Exploration Journal. Maeir has authored or edited around twenty books and hundreds of scholarly articles, and has secured millions of dollars in competitive research grants from Israeli and international agencies to support his work.

Early life and background

Birth and childhood

Aren Maeir was born on March 18, 1958, in Rochester, New York, United States. He spent his early childhood in Rochester before his family immigrated to Israel in 1969.

Immigration to Israel

Aren Maeir immigrated to Israel with his family in 1969, at the age of eleven. After settling in Jerusalem, he completed his elementary and secondary schooling there.

Military service

IDF service and rank

Aren Maeir served in the Israel Defense Forces between 1977 and 1982, attaining the rank of captain. He served as an officer in an elite unit during this period. His military service included both compulsory and career obligations, after which he was released to pursue civilian academic studies.

Education

University studies and degrees

Aren Maeir completed his undergraduate education at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, earning a B.A. in Archaeology and Jewish History in 1986, summa cum laude. He remained at the institution for his doctoral studies, receiving a Ph.D. in Archaeology in 1997, also summa cum laude. Following his doctorate, Maeir pursued post-doctoral research as a fellow at the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 2002 to 2003.

Academic career

Positions and roles at Bar-Ilan University

Aren Maeir has been a member of the faculty at Bar-Ilan University since 1992, teaching in the Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology. He began his teaching role in the department shortly after joining the university and has continued in various academic capacities there. He completed his Ph.D. in Archaeology (summa cum laude) at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1997 and has since progressed in his academic career at Bar-Ilan University. He holds the position of Professor in the Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology. Maeir also serves as Director of the Institute of Archaeology at Bar-Ilan University. Note: Some sources indicate he may have begun teaching as early as 1991, but 1992 is the more commonly cited start date for his faculty position.

Administrative leadership

Aren Maeir has held several prominent administrative leadership positions at Bar-Ilan University and in the broader archaeological community. He served as Chairman of the Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel Studies and Archaeology from 2004 to 2007. Maeir directs the Ingeborg Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies at Bar-Ilan University, which promotes research on all aspects of Jerusalem from ancient to modern times through academic meetings, publications, prizes, and public initiatives such as the “Guardian of Zion” award. He co-directs the Minerva Center for the Relations between Israel and Aram in Biblical Times (RIAB), an initiative dedicated to advancing scholarship on historical interactions between ancient Israel and Aram. Maeir also serves as co-editor of the Israel Exploration Journal, a leading peer-reviewed publication in Levantine archaeology and related fields. In recognition of his contributions, he is a corresponding member of the German Archaeological Institute.

Archaeological fieldwork

Early participation in excavations

Aren Maeir participated in excavations at several major archaeological sites in Israel during the early stages of his career. These included Hazor, Jerusalem, Beth-Shean, Yoqneam, and Tell Qasile. In addition to his role as a participant, Maeir directed smaller-scale excavations and surveys at various locations. In Jerusalem, he led projects at the Western Wall Tunnels, Mamilla, Kikar Safra, and Malha. He also directed fieldwork in the Beth Shean Valley and at Tel Yavneh.

Directorship of Tell es-Safi/Gath

Aren Maeir has directed the Tell es-Safi/Gath Archaeological Project since its inception in 1996, when surface surveys began at Tell es-Safi, a site widely identified as the biblical city of Gath, the hometown of Goliath. Full excavations commenced in 1997, establishing a long-term, multi-season initiative under Maeir's leadership at Bar-Ilan University that continued large-scale work through 2021 before transitioning to smaller, focused excavations. The project was temporarily renamed the Ackerman Family Bar-Ilan University Expedition to Gath from September 2014 to July 2016 in recognition of support provided by the Ackerman family of South Africa. The excavations have yielded extensive evidence of Philistine culture, demonstrating that Gath was the most prominent Philistine city during the early Philistine period in Iron Age I and early Iron Age IIA, with the lower city expanding substantially to include fortifications, large structures, and possibly two gates. Discoveries highlight gradual Philistine acculturation, with retention of some Aegean-origin traits alongside adoption of local Semitic features such as language use. A major epigraphic find from 2005 is the earliest known Philistine inscription, dated to around 950 BCE, containing the names alwt and wlt, which are considered somewhat reminiscent of the original form of the name Goliath. Additional significant results include the exposure of a 2.5 km-long siege trench encircling much of the site, identified as the earliest known siege system in the world and most likely associated with the Aramean siege of Gath by Hazael around 830 BCE. A well-preserved destruction level from the late 9th century BCE produced hundreds of pottery vessels, ivory items, metal weapons, and cultic objects, offering detailed insights into Philistine daily life during that era.

Research interests and contributions

Key topics in Bronze and Iron Age archaeology

Aren Maeir is a prominent scholar in the archaeology of the Bronze and Iron Ages in the Southern Levant, specializing in Biblical Archaeology and the broader Eastern Mediterranean context. His work centers on the ancient cultures of the region, with particular emphasis on Philistine society and its connections to the Sea Peoples phenomenon. He has contributed significantly to understanding Philistine culture through studies of material aspects such as pottery production and styles, metallurgy and craft technologies, weapons and warfare practices, and ancient trade networks. His research also addresses Egypt-Levant relations during these periods, chronological issues in Levantine archaeology, and aspects of Jerusalem's archaeology in the Bronze and Iron Ages. These topics are informed by his extensive fieldwork, including the excavations at Tell es-Safi/Gath, which serve as a key data source for his analyses.

Interdisciplinary and scientific approaches

Aren Maeir has consistently employed interdisciplinary and scientific approaches in his archaeological work, collaborating with scholars across multiple disciplines to integrate advanced scientific methods and anthropological perspectives. These efforts emphasize the application of natural sciences to archaeological contexts, enhancing interpretations of material culture, site formation, and cultural processes in the Bronze and Iron Ages. Maeir co-directed the joint Bar-Ilan University/Weizmann Institute of Science Program in Archaeological Science, which pioneered close integration of archaeological scientists with excavation teams through on-site laboratories and real-time analytical results during field seasons. The program, now defunct, brought cutting-edge techniques such as mineralogical analyses, phytolith studies, radiocarbon dating, paleoethnobotany, geoarchaeology, and micromorphology directly to active digs, including the Tell es-Safi/Gath project, while offering hands-on training in interdisciplinary research that bridged archaeology and natural sciences. His excavations and research have frequently incorporated multi-disciplinary scientific applications, including ancient DNA analysis and provenance studies, to address questions of mobility, origin, and cultural interaction in Philistine and related contexts. Maeir has also engaged with broader scientific advances in the field, such as ancient DNA evidence from Philistine sites, offering expert commentary that combines archaeological data with genetic findings to highlight complex transcultural dynamics.

Publications and scholarly output

Books, edited volumes, and major reports

Aren M. Maeir has authored and edited close to 20 volumes over the course of his career, encompassing monographs, edited collections, conference proceedings, and major excavation reports. These works focus primarily on Bronze and Iron Age archaeology in the southern Levant, with particular emphasis on Philistine culture, settlement patterns, and interdisciplinary approaches to material culture. A significant portion of Maeir's book-length contributions consists of the major excavation reports from the Tell es-Safi/Gath Archaeological Project, which he has directed since 1996. Tell es-Safi/Gath I: The 1996–2005 Seasons, edited by Maeir, appeared in 2012 as volume 69 in the Ägypten und Altes Testament series published by Harrassowitz Verlag. This was followed by Tell es-Safi/Gath II: Excavations and Studies, edited by Maeir and Joe Uziel, in 2020. The series continued with Tell es-Safi/Gath III: Studies on the Early Bronze Age, Part 1, edited by Itzhaq Shai, Haskel J. Greenfield, and Maeir, in 2023. Maeir has also authored monographs on specific archaeological topics, including "In the Midst of the Jordan": The Jordan Valley During the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 2000–1500 BCE) – Archaeological and Historical Correlates, published in 2010. Other authored works include Bronze and Iron Age Tombs at Tel Gezer, Israel (2004). Among his edited volumes are collections addressing Philistine and Canaanite themes, such as The Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages of Southern Canaan (co-edited with Itzhaq Shai and Chris McKinny) and “I Will Speak the Riddles of Ancient Times”: Archaeological and Historical Studies in Honor of Amihai Mazar on the Occasion of His Sixtieth Birthday (2006). These selected volumes highlight his contributions to documenting primary data from Tell es-Safi/Gath—identified with biblical Gath—and advancing understanding of Philistine origins, identity, and interactions in the Iron Age southern Levant.

Articles and other publications

Aren Maeir has published close to 350 papers in scholarly journals, edited volumes, conference proceedings, and popular venues. These articles reflect his extensive research on the Bronze and Iron Age archaeology of the Southern Levant, with a strong focus on Philistine material culture, settlement patterns, and cultural interactions. Many of his publications explore aspects of Philistine society at Tell es-Safi/Gath, including decorated pottery traditions such as Philistine Bichrome ware and Late Philistine Decorated Ware, which illustrate stylistic developments and influences from Aegean and local Canaanite sources. Other representative works examine Philistine dietary and ritual practices, notably through zooarchaeological and ancient DNA studies of pig remains that indicate the introduction of European pig lineages by the Philistines, distinguishing their subsistence patterns from neighboring groups. His articles also contribute to broader discussions on Philistine identity formation, social structure, trade networks, and ritual behaviors, often drawing on multidisciplinary evidence from excavations and scientific analyses. In addition to his books and edited volumes, these papers form a core part of his scholarly output, frequently appearing in leading archaeological journals and collaborative interdisciplinary projects.

Media appearances and public engagement

Television and documentary credits

Aren Maeir has appeared as an expert commentator in several television documentaries and series focused on archaeology, biblical history, and ancient civilizations. He featured as himself, representing Bar-Ilan University, in four episodes of the documentary series The Naked Archaeologist from 2005 to 2008. In 2011, Maeir appeared as himself in the PBS documentary series Bible's Buried Secrets, providing expert insight as a professor from Bar-Ilan University. He also received special thanks credit for one episode of the PBS series Nova in 2008. In more recent years, Maeir appeared as an archaeologist in one episode of the Science Channel series What on Earth? in 2017. Additionally, he contributed as himself to two episodes of the German documentary series Terra X - Rätsel alter Weltkulturen between 2008 and 2017.

Online courses, lectures, and outreach

Aren Maeir has actively promoted public understanding of archaeology through online courses and public engagement activities. He has developed and taught two Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) on the edX platform in partnership with IsraelX and Bar-Ilan University. The first, titled "Biblical Archaeology: The Archaeology of Ancient Israel and Judah," offers an introductory overview of the Iron Age archaeology of ancient Israel and Judah (ca. 1200–586 BCE), incorporating short video lectures, illustrative materials, and on-site discussions at relevant sites. His second MOOC, "Jerusalem: A Journey Through Time," provides an introductory exploration of the history and archaeology of ancient Jerusalem from its earliest prehistoric beginnings through later periods, utilizing innovative teaching methods and video content. These free courses aim to make specialized archaeological knowledge accessible to global audiences, with his earlier MOOC attracting thousands of participants. Beyond online courses, Maeir frequently delivers lectures to both academic and popular audiences in Hebrew and English, including virtual presentations on topics such as Philistine culture. He also engages in outreach through media interviews in print and electronic formats to discuss archaeological discoveries and interpretations.

Personal life

Family and residence

Aren Maeir resides in Jerusalem. He is married to Adina (née Hartman), and they have three sons, a daughter-in-law, and four grandchildren.

Other activities

Maeir maintains a blog on The Times of Israel, where, describing himself as a concerned Israeli and archaeologist, he publishes occasional personal reflections and commentary on contemporary Israeli society, politics, and security issues, frequently incorporating analogies from biblical history and archaeology to frame current events. His contributions, numbering around seven visible posts mostly from 2023 onward, address topics such as the aftermath of the October 7, 2023 attacks, leadership prudence, and collective memory, including firsthand accounts of visiting affected sites and appeals to professional colleagues. In addition to these writings, Maeir's personal interests include hiking, bird watching, running, reading in genres such as history, popular science, action novels, and Oprah's book club selections, as well as surfing the web.

References

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  3. https://www.edx.org/bio/aren-maeir
  4. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aren-Maeir
  5. https://www.edx.org/bio/aren-maeir/
  6. https://lisa.biu.ac.il/sites/lisa/files/shared/curriculum_vitae.docx
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  8. https://afbiu.org/news/on-the-trail-of-goliath
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  27. https://www.academia.edu/5762672/Maeir_A_M_ed_2012_Tell_es_Safi_Gath_I_Report_on_the_1996_2005_Seasons_%C3%84gypten_und_Altes_Testament_69_Wiesbaden_Harrassowitz
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  34. https://phys.org/news/2013-11-genetic-israel-wild-boars-europe.html
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  41. https://www.edx.org/learn/history/israelx-jerusalem
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  43. https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-831461
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