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Arthur Friedenreich
Arthur Friedenreich (18 July 1892 – 6 September 1969) was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. He was nicknamed The Tiger or Golden Foot.
He played for the Brazil national team and was a record nine times top scorer of the state championship of São Paulo. He is occasionally cited as one of the all-time top scorers in football history, although this is highly disputed.
Friedenreich was born in São Paulo to Oscar Friedenreich, a German businessman whose father immigrated to Brazil, and Mathilde, a Black Brazilian teacher who has been described in various sources as both a former slave and a teacher. Due to his Afro-Brazilian origin, Friedenreich faced racial discrimination, though he was able to mitigate some of its effects thanks to his father's reputation and social standing.
Friedenreich began playing football in early childhood, with strong support from his father, who helped shape his path to greatness. Having started to play as a child, Friedenreich's talent was soon noticed by his father, who sent him to play for SC Germânia, a Brazilian football team composed of German immigrants. During his youth, he improved his skills by watching Charles Miller, who Friedenreich later described as "sort of my primary teacher in football", but it was with Hermann Friese, a former German football champion, who taught him a "higher level of football".
At some point, Friedenreich married his wife, Jonas, and they had a son named Oscar, after Friedenreich’s father. Both outlived him, being left in financial hardship.
In his early career, Friedenreich played with several clubs, such as Germânia, Mackenzie, and Ypiranga, until he found a long-lasting home with CA Paulistano, a top Brazilian club, with whom he played for 12 years, from 1917 until 1929, when the club was disbanded. He was the top scorer in the Campeonato Paulista in 1912, 1914, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1921, 1927 and 1929. In total, he scored 102 goals in 124 official matches, which results in a ratio of 0,82 goals per game, the second-highest among players with at least 50 matches for the club, only behind Waldemar de Brito's ratio of 1,09. Notably, on 16 September 1928, he scored a 7-goal haul in a 9–0 trashing of União Lapa, breaking the record for the most goals in a single Campeonato Paulista match at the time.
Following the collapse of the amateur football system in São Paulo in 1929, Friedenreich and several former teammates from CA Paulistano founded the club São Paulo da Floresta (SPF) in 1930 to continue their careers in the changing football landscape. In the mid-time, in early 1930, he briefly played for Santos, appearing in a total of 5 matches, making his debut on 9 February, in a friendly against Atlético Tucumán, which ended in a 4–1 win. On 27 December 1931, he scored a four-goal haul to help São Paulo to a 4–2 win over São Bento in the 1931 Campeonato Paulista, becoming, at the age of 39 years and 162 days, the oldest player ever to score a poker-trick, a record that has since been broken by Josef Bican in 1955, aged 41. Like so many other natives of São Paulo, he enlisted in the São Paulo Army to fight in the Paulista War in 1932, where he rose from sergeant to lieutenant, commanding a division with several athletes.
On 12 March 1933, the 40-year-old Friedenreich started for SPF in the first professional football match in São Paulo, where Friedenreich scored the opening goal in a 4–1 win over his former club Santos. As he grew older, he began to play less and less, only when São Paulo required his assistance, so he began refereeing matches, doing so with a shirt that the Paulista club had offered him, which was a white uniform with a "P" embroidered on the chest, right above the years "1918-1928", a reference to the time he spent at the club. Likewise, on 5 November 1933, he visited Belo Horizonte to referee a friendly match between Atlético Mineiro and Retiro-MG (Nova Lima); his performance was praised by the local press, with the Estado de Minas stating that "Fried stopped calling penalties", while the Correio Mineiro described him as a "correct referee characterized by the strictest discipline". Taking advantage of his visit, Atlético invented him to play one match for them, a friendly against Siderúrgica three days later, which he accepted because he was friends with the team's coach; Atlético won 3–0. Correio Mineiro stated that he "led his players excellently with mathematical passes".
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Arthur Friedenreich
Arthur Friedenreich (18 July 1892 – 6 September 1969) was a Brazilian professional footballer who played as a forward. He was nicknamed The Tiger or Golden Foot.
He played for the Brazil national team and was a record nine times top scorer of the state championship of São Paulo. He is occasionally cited as one of the all-time top scorers in football history, although this is highly disputed.
Friedenreich was born in São Paulo to Oscar Friedenreich, a German businessman whose father immigrated to Brazil, and Mathilde, a Black Brazilian teacher who has been described in various sources as both a former slave and a teacher. Due to his Afro-Brazilian origin, Friedenreich faced racial discrimination, though he was able to mitigate some of its effects thanks to his father's reputation and social standing.
Friedenreich began playing football in early childhood, with strong support from his father, who helped shape his path to greatness. Having started to play as a child, Friedenreich's talent was soon noticed by his father, who sent him to play for SC Germânia, a Brazilian football team composed of German immigrants. During his youth, he improved his skills by watching Charles Miller, who Friedenreich later described as "sort of my primary teacher in football", but it was with Hermann Friese, a former German football champion, who taught him a "higher level of football".
At some point, Friedenreich married his wife, Jonas, and they had a son named Oscar, after Friedenreich’s father. Both outlived him, being left in financial hardship.
In his early career, Friedenreich played with several clubs, such as Germânia, Mackenzie, and Ypiranga, until he found a long-lasting home with CA Paulistano, a top Brazilian club, with whom he played for 12 years, from 1917 until 1929, when the club was disbanded. He was the top scorer in the Campeonato Paulista in 1912, 1914, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1921, 1927 and 1929. In total, he scored 102 goals in 124 official matches, which results in a ratio of 0,82 goals per game, the second-highest among players with at least 50 matches for the club, only behind Waldemar de Brito's ratio of 1,09. Notably, on 16 September 1928, he scored a 7-goal haul in a 9–0 trashing of União Lapa, breaking the record for the most goals in a single Campeonato Paulista match at the time.
Following the collapse of the amateur football system in São Paulo in 1929, Friedenreich and several former teammates from CA Paulistano founded the club São Paulo da Floresta (SPF) in 1930 to continue their careers in the changing football landscape. In the mid-time, in early 1930, he briefly played for Santos, appearing in a total of 5 matches, making his debut on 9 February, in a friendly against Atlético Tucumán, which ended in a 4–1 win. On 27 December 1931, he scored a four-goal haul to help São Paulo to a 4–2 win over São Bento in the 1931 Campeonato Paulista, becoming, at the age of 39 years and 162 days, the oldest player ever to score a poker-trick, a record that has since been broken by Josef Bican in 1955, aged 41. Like so many other natives of São Paulo, he enlisted in the São Paulo Army to fight in the Paulista War in 1932, where he rose from sergeant to lieutenant, commanding a division with several athletes.
On 12 March 1933, the 40-year-old Friedenreich started for SPF in the first professional football match in São Paulo, where Friedenreich scored the opening goal in a 4–1 win over his former club Santos. As he grew older, he began to play less and less, only when São Paulo required his assistance, so he began refereeing matches, doing so with a shirt that the Paulista club had offered him, which was a white uniform with a "P" embroidered on the chest, right above the years "1918-1928", a reference to the time he spent at the club. Likewise, on 5 November 1933, he visited Belo Horizonte to referee a friendly match between Atlético Mineiro and Retiro-MG (Nova Lima); his performance was praised by the local press, with the Estado de Minas stating that "Fried stopped calling penalties", while the Correio Mineiro described him as a "correct referee characterized by the strictest discipline". Taking advantage of his visit, Atlético invented him to play one match for them, a friendly against Siderúrgica three days later, which he accepted because he was friends with the team's coach; Atlético won 3–0. Correio Mineiro stated that he "led his players excellently with mathematical passes".