Astaroth (also Ashtaroth, Astarot and Astetoth) is a biblical arch-demon. In demonology, he is considered to be the Great Duke of Hell.

Astaroth was theorized as an alter ego of various goddesses in ancient mythologies across different cultures which were demonized later by the Biblical demonology system.

Astaroth also features as an archdemon associated with the qlippoth (adverse forces).

The name Astaroth was ultimately derived from that of 2nd millennium BC Phoenician goddess Astarte, who was known in ancient Hebrew and Semitic tribes as Asherah, an equivalent of the Babylonian Ishtar, and the earlier Sumerian Inanna, and the later Greek Aphrodite (Roman Venus).

In this context, D. P. Agrawal has grouped those goddesses as the Ishtar group, which consisted the names of Ishtar, Astarte, Astaroth, and Atargatis, among others.

The name of Astarte was mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in the forms Ashtoreth (singular) and Ashtaroth (plural, in reference to multiple statues of it). This latter form was directly transliterated in the early Greek and Latin versions of the Bible, where it was less apparent that it had been a plural feminine in Hebrew. Apparently, the parallel between goddess Astarte, which also idenified as Venus by Reginald Scot with Astaroth as demon was made in response to the act of Solomon, who once performed worship to an idol of Astarte from Sidon.

The name of Ashtoreth was also known as one of the island in Erythia. Samuel Bochart then deduce the etymology of "Astaroth" must be "Asta Erythes" (the city of Erytha).

According to Jeffrey Burton Russell, the Islamic belief system implies that female deities such as Al-Lat are manifestations of Shaitan deception, based on classical interpretations. Russell refers to the epigraphic evidence from Palmyra and Taif presented by Ignaz Goldziher to identify al-Lat with Astarte.