Athenian military
Athenian military
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Athenian military

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Athenian military

The Athenian military was the main force of Athens, one of the major city-states (poleis) of Ancient Greece. It was largely similar to other armies of the region – see Ancient Greek warfare. Athens was mostly known for its navy, as a maritime power in the Mediterranean sea.

During the Greco-Persian Wars, Athens developed a large, powerful navy in the eastern Mediterranean Sea that defeated the even larger Persian Navy at the Battle of Salamis under Themistocles and then at the Battle of the Eurymedon under Cimon. The Athenian Navy consisted of 80,000 crewing 400 ships.[citation needed] The backbone of the navy's manpower was a core of professional rowers drawn from the lower classes of Athenian society. This gave the Athenian fleets an advantage in training over the less professional fleets of its rivals.[citation needed] The main warships of the fleet were the triremes. With its fleet, Athens obtained hegemony over the rest of the Greek city-states forming the Athenian Empire. Its fleet was destroyed and its empire lost during the Peloponnesian War. The fleet included two sacred ships, the Paralus and the Salaminia used for diplomatic and ceremonial duties.

Athens regained some of its naval power after the Second Athenian League was rebuilt; however, it never fully recovered as its rivals were much stronger than before. There is a possibility is that Iphicrates' reforms were limited to hoplites serving as marines on board ships of the Athenian navy.

In 322 BC during the Lamian war, although fallen from the height of its power during the Golden Age of Pericles in the 5th century, Athens still had extensive financial resources at its disposal and a fleet numbering 240 or perhaps even 400 warships.

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