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Atmaca
View on WikipediaAtmaca (Accipiter) is an all weather, long range, precision strike, anti-ship, surface-to-surface and submarine-launched cruise missile, developed by Turkish missile manufacturer Roketsan.[2][10] The Atmaca has entered service with the Turkish Navy to gradually replace the country's existing inventory of Harpoon missiles.[11] The Surface-to-surface version of Atmaca is Kara Atmaca.[12][13]
Key Information
Development
[edit]The program was initiated in 2009 when Turkey's Undersecretary For Defense Industries (SSM) signed a contract with Roketsan for designing a surface-to-surface cruise missile for the requirements of the Turkish Naval Forces. The prime contractor, Roketsan, started the design studies in September 2012, after receiving the results of its previous research and development contract with Turkey's Undersecretary For Defense Industries under the coordination of Navy Research Center Command (ARMERKOM). The missile is planned to be developed for multiplatforms, capable of launching not only from warships but also from submarines, aircraft, coastal batteries, including land-attack operations.[12][14][15]
After completing various tests, first land-based firing of the Atmaca took place in March 2017. The serial production contract for Atmaca was signed between Roketsan and the Presidency of Defense Industry on 29 October 2018. The missile will be deployed to Turkish Navy's Ada-class corvettes, Istanbul-class frigates, G-class frigates, Hisar-class offshore patrol vessels, and planned TF-2000-class destroyers.[16][17][18][19]
Design
[edit]The missile makes use of its global positioning system (GPS), inertial navigation system, barometric altimeter and radar altimeter to navigate towards its target, while its active radar seeker pinpoints the target with high precision. With a range of more than 220 kilometres (140 mi), this guided missile poses a major threat for targets situated beyond the line of sight due to its high explosive fragmentation warhead. Its modern data-link provides ATMACA with the ability to 3D mission planning, update targets, reattack and terminate the mission.[2] Missile is ultra sea-skimming as it approaches the target.[2] The missile's engines are manufactured by the Turkish Kale Group, and the Kale KTJ-3200 engine used by the first versions of the missile is produced in Türkiye as ITAR-Free.[20]
Timeline
[edit]- On 3 November 2019, the Turkish Naval Forces successfully conducted its first ship-launched firing from the Ada-class corvette TCG Kınalıada in the Black sea.[21]
- On 1 July 2020, the Atmaca missile successfully hit its target from a >200 km range.[22]
- On February 3, 2021, the Atmaca anti-ship missile successfully hit the target in the test fire with the TCG Kınalıada corvette using a "live warhead" in Sinop.[23]
- In June 2021 the Atmaca missile successfully hit the ex-TCG Işın (A-589) ship under the certification test. Marking the start of its serial production.[24][25]
- In June 2021, the Atmaca completed 20 successful test firing and expected to be certified this year for Ada-class corvette.[26]
- In August 2023, Turkey announced that 11 ships would be equipped.[27]
- On March 10, 2024, the Atmaca missile has successfully hit its target with Türkiye's first domestic and national Turbojet Engine Kale KTJ-3200, developed by Kale Ar-Ge.[28]
- On March 12, 2025, in a test conducted, the Atmaca missile was successfully fired from a submarine for the first time.[29][14]
Land version
[edit]It was announced that a longer-range land version of the missile, which can be fired from mobile vehicles, is also being developed. Roketsan CEO İkinci emphasized that a lot of work is ongoing and the range of Kara Atmaca is increasing very quickly.[30]
- On August 18, 2024, the KARA ATMACA UM (Long Range) cruise missile, a land-based variant of the Atmaca, successfully completed a long-range test firing, hitting its target with high accuracy. KARA ATMACA is expected to enter service in 2025.[15]
- On March 3, 2025 a new firing test was carried out for the land version of the missile. According to some Turkish defense industry experts, the missile exceeded a range above 400 km during the tests.[31][32]
Operators
[edit]Current operators
[edit]Future operators
[edit]- Indonesian Navy - On 2 November 2022, Indonesia has signed a contract for the purchase of Atmaca missiles.[33] According to reports from Janes in January 2024, Indonesia acquired 45 Atmaca missiles for the initial batch.[34]
- Royal Malaysian Navy - To be installed on future Littoral Mission Ship Batch 2.[35]
Potential operators
[edit]- Algerian National Navy – On 3 June 2022, it was revealed Algeria reported to acquire Atmaca missiles.[36]
See also
[edit]- Nirbhay – (India)
- BrahMos – (Russia, India)
- NASM-MR – (India)
- AGM-158C LRASM – (United States)
- C-802 – (China)
- Babur – (Pakistan)
- Exocet – (France)
- Switchblade Kh-35 – (Russia)
- Harpoon – (United States)
- Naval Strike Missile – (Norway)
- RBS 15 – (Sweden)
- MBDA Otomat – (Italy, France)
- Sea Eagle – (United Kingdom)
- SSM-700K C-Star – (South Korea)
- Type 80 air-to-ship missile – (Japan)
- Type 88 surface-to-ship missile – (Japan)
- Type 90 ship-to-ship missile – (Japan)
- Type 93 air-to-ship missile – (Japan)
- Gabriel (missile) – (Israel)
- Hsiung Feng II – (Taiwan)
- ASM-3 – (Japan)
- AS.34 Kormoran – (Germany)
References
[edit]- ^ Ozberk, Tayfun (2024-08-25). "Turkish Navy commissions first Reis-class AIP submarine TCG Piri Reis". Naval News. Retrieved 2024-08-26.
- ^ a b c d "ATMACA ANTI-SHIP MISSILE". Roketsan. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ "Atmaca'nın menzili dengeleri değiştirecek". www.trthaber.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
- ^ https://www.savunmasanayist.com/kara-atmaca-hedefi-vurdu-400-km-menzil/
- ^ "Fransa ambargosuna yerli motor yanıtı" (in Turkish). TRT. 28 September 2023.
- ^ "Kale Arge".
- ^ "Atmaca füzesi hedefini başarıyla vurdu" (in Turkish). Anadolu Agency. 10 March 2024.
- ^ "Kale Arge".
- ^ "Turkey contracts Kale Aero to develop miniature turbojet for missiles". quwa.org. 28 September 2023.
- ^ "Atmaca ASCM". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020.
- ^ Ekşi, Özgür (2024-08-24). "Submarine-Launched ATMACA Missile Breaks Cover". TURDEF. Retrieved 2024-08-25.
- ^ a b "Türkiye's homegrown missiles ensure national security". Anadolu Agency. 2024-11-28. Retrieved 2025-01-14.
- ^ Brandon J. Weichert (18 March 2025). "Turkey's Atmaca Anti-Ship Cruise Missile Takes Flight". The National Interest. Retrieved 29 March 2025.
- ^ a b "Türkiye's anti-ship missile Atmaca successfully hits underwater target". Anadolu Agency. 12 March 2025. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
- ^ a b "KARA ATMACA seyir füzesi sessizliğini tam isabetle bozdu". 18 August 2024.
- ^ "ATMACA ANTI-SHIP MISSILE – Roketsan". www.roketsan.com.tr. Archived from the original on 2021-06-29. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
- ^ "New Turkish ATMACA anti-ship missile launched from TCG Kınalıada corvette has successfully destroyed target". www.navyrecognition.com. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
- ^ Ozberk, Tayfun (2021-01-23). "Turkey launches the lead ship of I-class frigates "Istanbul"". Naval News. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
- ^ "Türkiye's first indigenous Hisar-class OPV starts sea trials". Naval News. Retrieved 2024-12-15.
- ^ "Kale Arge KTJ Serisi Turbojet Motor Ailesi Uluslararası Pazara Hazırlanıyor". Defence Turkey (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 14 January 2025. Retrieved 14 January 2025.
- ^ "ATMACA, TCG KINALIADA'dan Başarıyla Ateşlendi – Roketsan". 2019-11-09. Archived from the original on 2019-11-09. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
- ^ "ATMACA'nın Son Güdümlü Uçuş Testi Başarıyla Sonuçlandı – Roketsan". 2020-10-22. Archived from the original on 2020-10-22. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
- ^ "ATMACA Milli Gemisavar Güdümlü Mermi Atışları Başarıyla İcra Edildi - Defence Turkey Magazine". 2021-02-04. Archived from the original on 2021-02-04. Retrieved 2021-06-18.
- ^ "Turkish Navy has successfully conducted firing test of Atmaca anti-ship missile from TCG Kinaliada corvette". Navy Recognition. 20 June 2021. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
- ^ "Erdogan annonce l'essai réussi du missile antinavire national Atmaca". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
- ^ GDC (2021-06-24). "Turkey Test Fires Domestic anti-ship Atmaca missile". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 2021-07-16.
- ^ Turkey to arm 11 naval platforms with Atmaca missiles, Burak Ege Bekdil, Defense News, 2023-08-18
- ^ "Atmaca's first test firing with Turkish turbojet engine hits target". TRT World. Retrieved Mar 10, 2024.
- ^ "Denizaltından ateşlenen ATMACA, başarıyla uçuşunu gerçekleştirdi". Hürriyet (in Turkish). 12 March 2025. Retrieved 12 March 2025.
- ^ "Roketsan balistik füze konusunda iddialı konuma gelmek istiyor" [Roketsan wants to be assertive in ballistic missiles] (in Turkish). Anadolu Agency. 2 February 2025. Retrieved 2 April 2025.
- ^ "Kara Atmaca'dan rekor: 400 km'yi aştı!". Savunma Sanayist (in Turkish). 3 March 2025. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
- ^ "ATMACA'dan yeni menzil rekoru". Tolga Ozbek (in Turkish). 3 March 2025. Retrieved 4 March 2025.
- ^ Setjen Kemhan, Biro Humas (7 November 2022). "Disaksikan Menhan Prabowo di Indo Defence 2022, RI dan Turki Teken Sejumlah Kontrak Kerja Sama". Kementerian Pertahanan Republik Indonesia. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
- ^ "Indonesia awards contract for 45 Atmaca anti-ship missile rounds". Janes.com. 25 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
- ^ "Malaysia Inks LOA To Procure Turkish Corvettes For LMS Batch 2 Project".
- ^ "Algeria reportedly interested to acquire Turkish Atmaca missiles". Navy Recognition. 3 June 2022.
Atmaca
View on GrokipediaOverview
General description
The Atmaca is a Turkish all-weather, long-range anti-ship cruise missile developed by Roketsan, designed primarily for surface-to-surface and submarine-launched strikes against naval targets.[1] It enables precision attacks on moving surface ships and fixed land targets, supporting coastal defense and expeditionary operations through its sea-skimming flight profile and re-attack capabilities via data link.[8] Key operational parameters include a range exceeding 250 kilometers, a subsonic speed of Mach 0.85 to 0.95, a launch weight of approximately 750 kilograms, and a high-explosive fragmentation warhead weighing 220 kilograms.[1][9][10] As an indigenous system initiated in the 2010s to replace aging foreign missiles, the Atmaca enhances the Turkish Navy's operational independence, offering capabilities comparable to established anti-ship missiles such as the Harpoon or Exocet in terms of range and lethality.[10][11]Technical specifications
The Atmaca anti-ship missile, developed by Roketsan, features a modular design with a length of 4.3 to 5.2 meters, including a booster section that extends the total to approximately 5.2 meters during launch.[1][12] The missile has a diameter of 0.35 meters and a wingspan of 1.4 meters when deployed, contributing to its compact profile for integration into various platforms.[13][14] It weighs 750 kg at launch, powered by a turbojet engine, specifically the indigenous KTJ-3200 developed by Kale Arge, which provides sustained cruise propulsion after booster separation.[1][15][16] The guidance system employs an inertial navigation system (INS) augmented by GPS, barometric and radar altimeters for mid-course flight, transitioning to an active radar seeker for terminal homing with high precision.[1][11] Key performance metrics include a maximum range of 250 km for the baseline variant, with sea-skimming flight at altitudes of 2-5 meters to evade detection.[1][17] The missile operates in all weather conditions and demonstrates resistance to electronic countermeasures and jamming through its low radar cross-section and robust seeker design.[1][7] It carries a high-explosive fragmentation warhead weighing 220 kg, optimized for anti-surface ship strikes.[12][1]| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| Length | 4.3–5.2 m (with booster) |
| Diameter | 0.35 m |
| Wingspan | 1.4 m (deployed) |
| Launch Weight | 750 kg |
| Propulsion | KTJ-3200 turbojet engine |
| Guidance | INS/GPS + altimeters (mid-course); active radar seeker (terminal) |
| Range | 250 km |
| Flight Profile | Sea-skimming at 2–5 m altitude |
| Accuracy | High precision via active radar |
| Environmental Tolerance | All-weather, jamming-resistant |
| Warhead | High-explosive fragmentation, 220 kg |
Development
Origins and requirements
The Atmaca anti-ship missile program was initiated in 2009 when Turkey's Undersecretariat for Defense Industries (SSM, now the Presidency of Defense Industries or SSB) awarded a development contract to Roketsan to create a domestically produced weapon system for the Turkish Navy.[10] This effort arose from the Navy's need for an indigenous alternative to foreign systems like the U.S.-made Harpoon missile, driven by Turkey's broader defense policy emphasizing self-reliance amid potential supply chain vulnerabilities and export restrictions on imported munitions.[18] The program aligned with national goals to reduce dependence on external suppliers and enhance strategic autonomy in naval warfare capabilities.[19] Key technical requirements focused on delivering a long-range, high-precision missile suitable for surface-to-surface engagements, with a range exceeding 200 km to address regional naval threats effectively.[20] The system was specified to feature fire-and-forget operation, low-altitude sea-skimming flight for survivability, and seamless integration with existing and future platforms, including the Ada-class corvettes under the MILGEM national shipbuilding project.[21] Additionally, the design incorporated export potential from the outset, allowing for adaptability to international customers while meeting Turkish operational needs.[6] Roketsan led the development as the prime contractor, collaborating closely with TÜBİTAK SAGE for the imaging infrared seeker technology and the Turkish Armed Forces for defining mission-specific parameters.[17] These entities jointly established specifications such as the missile's extended range and autonomous guidance to ensure compatibility with Turkey's evolving fleet and deterrence posture in contested maritime environments.[7] In 2014, as part of accelerating indigenous propulsion efforts, Turkey approved additional program phases, including the pursuit of a domestic turbojet engine to replace foreign components like the Safran TR40, further solidifying the commitment to full self-reliance in missile technology.[22] Initial funding supported these advancements, enabling Roketsan to advance from conceptual design to prototype testing under SSB oversight.[23]Testing and production milestones
The Atmaca anti-ship missile program marked its initial testing phase with land-based live-firing trials in May and September 2019, validating the missile's propulsion and guidance systems prior to naval integration.[24] These were followed by the maiden ship-launched test on November 3, 2019, when the Turkish Naval Forces fired the missile from the Ada-class corvette TCG Kınalıada in the Black Sea, successfully striking a target and demonstrating sea-skimming flight capabilities.[25] A series of subsequent evaluations, including scenario-based firings with GPS-denied navigation, culminated in certification tests in June 2021, encompassing 20 successful launches that confirmed the missile's reliability across various conditions.[7] Roketsan delivered the first production unit to the Turkish Navy in August 2021, achieving initial operational capability shortly thereafter.[7] In July 2022, the land-based variant underwent a successful test-fire against a sea target in the Black Sea, expanding the program's versatility for coastal defense applications.[11] Serial production commenced at Roketsan facilities following the 2018 contract with the Presidency of Defense Industries, ramping up in 2023 to support integration across 11 naval platforms by 2027, with the surface-launched variant reaching full operational capability that year.[26] The per-unit cost is estimated at approximately $500,000, significantly lower than comparable foreign systems like the Harpoon missile.[7] In early 2025, the Atmaca UM land-attack variant set a new record for range and flight duration, exceeding 280 km during a live-fire test, enhancing its strategic reach.[27] On March 12, 2025, the Turkish Navy achieved a major milestone with the first submarine-launched test-fire from the Type 209 vessel TCG Preveze off the Mediterranean coast of Mersin, confirming underwater ejection and surface flight performance.[3] On October 30, 2025, the Kara Atmaca UM variant set a new record for range and flight duration during a live-fire test, further advancing its land-attack role.[28] Production contracts have since expanded, including export agreements totaling over 500 units to international partners, underscoring the program's growing global adoption.[29]Design
Guidance and propulsion
The Atmaca missile employs a multi-mode guidance system to ensure precision in anti-ship and surface strikes. During the mid-course phase, it relies on an inertial navigation system (INS) integrated with anti-jam global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), such as GPS, supplemented by barometric and radar altimeters for altitude control and sea-skimming flight profiles.[8] In the terminal phase, the missile transitions to an active radio frequency (RF) seeker for target acquisition, with an optional imaging infrared (IIR) seeker for enhanced discrimination in cluttered environments.[8] A two-way data link enables in-flight target updates, re-attack commands, and mission abort capabilities, allowing operator intervention while maintaining autonomy.[1] The propulsion system combines a solid rocket booster for initial launch and acceleration with a sustained-phase turbojet engine. The composite-case solid propellant booster provides the initial thrust, separating shortly after launch to propel the missile to cruise speed.[9] Following booster separation, the indigenous KTJ-3200 turbojet engine, developed by Kale Arge, sustains subsonic cruise at approximately 0.9 Mach, enabling a range of 250 km with efficient fuel consumption that supports potential extended loiter if mission parameters allow.[4][1] Autonomy is enhanced by advanced navigation features tailored for low-altitude operations. The system incorporates terrain-referenced navigation (TRN) in variants like the KARA Atmaca for precise path following over varied topography, while the standard anti-ship configuration uses radar altimetry for sea-skimming to evade detection.[30] Target discrimination algorithms within the RF or IIR seeker help identify and engage valid threats, avoiding decoys through signature analysis and motion tracking.[8] The overall design emphasizes resistance to electronic countermeasures, including anti-jam GNSS receivers that maintain positioning accuracy in contested electromagnetic environments.[8] The missile's range can be approximated using a simplified model that accounts for the boost and cruise phases:where is the distance covered during the brief booster burn (typically 5-10 km based on acceleration profiles), is the sustained subsonic velocity (around 300 m/s or 0.9 Mach), and is the operational time limited by fuel capacity and the engine's specific fuel consumption. This equation provides a conceptual estimate, assuming constant velocity post-boost and neglecting minor drag variations; actual range incorporates aerodynamic and mission-specific factors verified through flight testing.[1][4]