The Bahlikas (Sanskrit: बाह्लिक; Bāhlika) were the inhabitants of a location called Bahlika (Sanskrit: बह्लिक, located in Bactria), mentioned in the Atharvaveda, Mahabharata, Ramayana, Puranas, Vartikka of Katyayana, Brhatsamhita, Amarkosha, and other ancient inscriptions. Other variations of Bahlika include Bahli, Balhika, Vahlika, Valhika, Bahlava, Bahlam/Bahlim, Bahlayana, and Bahluva.

According to the Bhuvanakosha section of the Puranas, Bahlika was a Janapada located in the Udichya (Uttarapatha) division.

Some hymns of the Atharvaveda invoke fever to go to the Gandharis, Mahavrsas (a tribe of Punjab), Mujavants, and, further off, to the Bahlikas. Mujavant is the name of a hill (and the people) located in the Hindukush/Pamir.

Atharvaveda-Parisista juxtaposes the Vedic Bahlikas with the Kambojas (i.e., Kamboja-Bahlika).

Besides the Atharvaveda Parisista, several other ancient texts also associate the Bahlikas with the Kambojas:

The Kashmir recension of the ancient Ramayana contains the following reading:

Sanskrit Acharya Kshmendra of Kashmir rendered the above text into his Ramayana Manjri as follows:

Aratta.Bahlika.Kamboja.