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Berdychiv
Berdychiv (Ukrainian: Бердичів, IPA: [berˈdɪtʃiu̯] ⓘ) is a historic city in Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Berdychiv Raion within the oblast. It is 44 km (27 mi) south of the administrative center of the oblast, Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately 73,046 (2022 estimate).
The area has seen various cultural influences and political changes over time, from its early settlement by the Chernyakhov culture to its position within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and later, the Russian Empire. Berdychiv was an important trading and banking center in its heyday, but the town became impoverished after the banking industry moved to Odesa in the mid-19th century. Berdychiv was also a significant center of Jewish history, with a large Jewish population and an important role in the development of Hasidism. However, during World War II, the Nazis and their collaborators brutally massacred tens of thousands of Jews in Berdychiv. Before the Holocaust, about 80 percent of the town’s population was Jewish.
The city has seen continued conflict, with damage sustained during the Russian invasion of Ukraine beginning in 2022.
In addition to the Ukrainian Бердичів (Berdychiv), in other languages the name of the city is Polish: Berdyczów, Yiddish: באַרדיטשעװ, romanized: Barditshev and Russian: Берди́чев, romanized: Berdichev.
Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1430–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1793
Russian Empire 1793–1917
Ukrainian People's Republic 1917–1918
Ukrainian State 1918
Directory of Ukraine 1918–1919
Soviet Ukraine 1919–1920
Second Polish Republic 1920
Soviet Ukraine 1920–1922
Soviet Union 1922–1941
Nazi Germany 1941–1944 (occupation)
Soviet Union 1944-1991
Ukraine 1991–present
The territory on which the city is located was inhabited as early as the 2nd millennium BC. Bronze Age settlements and the remains of two settlements of the Chernyakhov culture were discovered here.
In 1430, Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas (великий князь литовський Вітовт) granted the rights over the area to Kalinik, the procurator (намісник) of Putyvl and Zvenyhorodka, and it is believed that his servant named Berdich founded a khutor (remote settlement) there. However the etymology of the name Berdychiv is not known.
In 1483, Crimean Tatars destroyed the settlement. In 1545, Berdyczów was mentioned as a property of the Polish-Lithuanian magnate Tyszkiewicz family, and in a 1546 document settling the border between Poland and Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian union.
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Berdychiv
Berdychiv (Ukrainian: Бердичів, IPA: [berˈdɪtʃiu̯] ⓘ) is a historic city in Zhytomyr Oblast, northern Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Berdychiv Raion within the oblast. It is 44 km (27 mi) south of the administrative center of the oblast, Zhytomyr. Its population is approximately 73,046 (2022 estimate).
The area has seen various cultural influences and political changes over time, from its early settlement by the Chernyakhov culture to its position within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and later, the Russian Empire. Berdychiv was an important trading and banking center in its heyday, but the town became impoverished after the banking industry moved to Odesa in the mid-19th century. Berdychiv was also a significant center of Jewish history, with a large Jewish population and an important role in the development of Hasidism. However, during World War II, the Nazis and their collaborators brutally massacred tens of thousands of Jews in Berdychiv. Before the Holocaust, about 80 percent of the town’s population was Jewish.
The city has seen continued conflict, with damage sustained during the Russian invasion of Ukraine beginning in 2022.
In addition to the Ukrainian Бердичів (Berdychiv), in other languages the name of the city is Polish: Berdyczów, Yiddish: באַרדיטשעװ, romanized: Barditshev and Russian: Берди́чев, romanized: Berdichev.
Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1430–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1793
Russian Empire 1793–1917
Ukrainian People's Republic 1917–1918
Ukrainian State 1918
Directory of Ukraine 1918–1919
Soviet Ukraine 1919–1920
Second Polish Republic 1920
Soviet Ukraine 1920–1922
Soviet Union 1922–1941
Nazi Germany 1941–1944 (occupation)
Soviet Union 1944-1991
Ukraine 1991–present
The territory on which the city is located was inhabited as early as the 2nd millennium BC. Bronze Age settlements and the remains of two settlements of the Chernyakhov culture were discovered here.
In 1430, Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas (великий князь литовський Вітовт) granted the rights over the area to Kalinik, the procurator (намісник) of Putyvl and Zvenyhorodka, and it is believed that his servant named Berdich founded a khutor (remote settlement) there. However the etymology of the name Berdychiv is not known.
In 1483, Crimean Tatars destroyed the settlement. In 1545, Berdyczów was mentioned as a property of the Polish-Lithuanian magnate Tyszkiewicz family, and in a 1546 document settling the border between Poland and Lithuania within the Polish–Lithuanian union.