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Black-billed thrush
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Black-billed thrush
The black-billed thrush (Turdus ignobilis) is a species of bird in the family Turdidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The black-billed thrush was originally described in 1858 with its current binomial Turdus ignobilis. Its further taxonomy is unsettled.
In the early twentieth century two subspecies were added, T. i. goodfellowi (Hartert, EJO & Hellmayr, 1901) and T. i. debilis (Hellmayr, 1902). A 1931 publication added two more that had originally been described as species, T. i. arthuri (Chubb, C, 1914) and T. i. murinus (Salvin, 1885).
Molecular phylogenetics studies published in the 2010s determined that arthuri and murinus should again be established as full species. Following those studies, the South American Classification Committee, the IOC, AviList, and the Clements taxonomy recognized them as the campina thrush and pantepui thrush respectively. With these moves the systems returned the black-billed thrush to its early twentieth century status with three subspecies.
As of late 2025 BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes the campina thrush (arthuri) as a species. However, it retains murinus as a subspecies of the black-billed thrush. In addition, it treats debilis as a separate species, the "floodplain thrush".
This article follows the IOC et al. treatment of the black-billed thrush as having ignobilis, goodfellowi, and debilis as its subspecies.
The black-billed thrush is 18.5 to 24 cm (7.3 to 9.4 in) long and weighs 48 to 81 g (1.7 to 2.9 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies T. i. ignobilis have an olive-brown head and upperparts with a slightly darker face and an off-white throat with dark streaks. Their breast and flanks are a paler olive-brown and their belly and undertail coverts are whitish. They have a black iris, a black bill, and dark gray-brown to black legs and feet. Subspecies T. i. goodfellowi has warmer and darker olive-brown upperparts than the nominate. T. i. debilis has more white on the throat and upper breast than the nominate, with weaker streaks on the throat and grayer breast and flanks.
The black-billed thrush has a disjunct distribution. The nominate subspecies is found in Colombia's Central and Eastern Andes. Subspecies T. i. goodfellowi is found in Colombia's Cauca River valley and on the western slope of the country's Western Andes. The range of T. i. debilis is separate from those of the other two subspecies and is much larger. It extends on both slopes of the Venezuelan Andes from Barinas and Zulia states southwest across eastern Colombia and south through eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru into northern Bolivia, and from those countries into most of western and central Amazonian Brazil, there mostly along major river corridors.
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Black-billed thrush
The black-billed thrush (Turdus ignobilis) is a species of bird in the family Turdidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The black-billed thrush was originally described in 1858 with its current binomial Turdus ignobilis. Its further taxonomy is unsettled.
In the early twentieth century two subspecies were added, T. i. goodfellowi (Hartert, EJO & Hellmayr, 1901) and T. i. debilis (Hellmayr, 1902). A 1931 publication added two more that had originally been described as species, T. i. arthuri (Chubb, C, 1914) and T. i. murinus (Salvin, 1885).
Molecular phylogenetics studies published in the 2010s determined that arthuri and murinus should again be established as full species. Following those studies, the South American Classification Committee, the IOC, AviList, and the Clements taxonomy recognized them as the campina thrush and pantepui thrush respectively. With these moves the systems returned the black-billed thrush to its early twentieth century status with three subspecies.
As of late 2025 BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes the campina thrush (arthuri) as a species. However, it retains murinus as a subspecies of the black-billed thrush. In addition, it treats debilis as a separate species, the "floodplain thrush".
This article follows the IOC et al. treatment of the black-billed thrush as having ignobilis, goodfellowi, and debilis as its subspecies.
The black-billed thrush is 18.5 to 24 cm (7.3 to 9.4 in) long and weighs 48 to 81 g (1.7 to 2.9 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies T. i. ignobilis have an olive-brown head and upperparts with a slightly darker face and an off-white throat with dark streaks. Their breast and flanks are a paler olive-brown and their belly and undertail coverts are whitish. They have a black iris, a black bill, and dark gray-brown to black legs and feet. Subspecies T. i. goodfellowi has warmer and darker olive-brown upperparts than the nominate. T. i. debilis has more white on the throat and upper breast than the nominate, with weaker streaks on the throat and grayer breast and flanks.
The black-billed thrush has a disjunct distribution. The nominate subspecies is found in Colombia's Central and Eastern Andes. Subspecies T. i. goodfellowi is found in Colombia's Cauca River valley and on the western slope of the country's Western Andes. The range of T. i. debilis is separate from those of the other two subspecies and is much larger. It extends on both slopes of the Venezuelan Andes from Barinas and Zulia states southwest across eastern Colombia and south through eastern Ecuador and eastern Peru into northern Bolivia, and from those countries into most of western and central Amazonian Brazil, there mostly along major river corridors.
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