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Border Guard of Hungary
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Border Guard of Hungary
The Border Guard of Hungary (Hungarian: Határőrség Magyarországon) was the border guard of Hungary. Until 2006, it was under the then existing Ministry of the Interior, and from 2006 until its liquidation, it was subordinated to the Ministry of Justice and Law Enforcement, together with the police and the Penitentiary Service. Its main task was to control borders and detect crimes related to border crossing. Although its law enforcement nature has been strengthened in recent years and it is essentially a law enforcement agency, its dual legal status has been retained, meaning that in the event of war, some of its units, the so-called border patrol squadrons, are incorporated into the Hungarian Defence Forces under the constitution, and their control is taken over by the Ministry of Defence.
Hungary's border guarding between the two world wars was influenced by the possibilities set by the Treaty of Trianon. The Hungarian government received permission to establish the Royal Hungarian Customs Guard to guard the borders. The Customs Guard was a disguised part of the Hungarian Armed Forces, operating as a military organization, guarding the state border, ensuring border protection and control of local border traffic, and also performing customs duties. This organization was reorganized into the Royal Hungarian Border Guard in 1932, and then in 1938 it was merged into the Hungarian Army under the name of Border Patrol.
After World War II, the state border and border traffic were guarded by the Honvéd Border Guard and the Border Police, which operated as a separate service branch within the Hungarian Police. The Commander of the Border Guard was Mihály Szalvai from February 16, 1948, to December 31, 1949. The next day, on January 1, 1950, the Border Guard was merged into the State Protection Authority.
This period saw the establishment of a total border guard system on the southern and western border sections. In 1950, a 15 km border zone was established on the southern and western border sections, and within this, 500 and 50-meter border strips were established, which could only be entered with a police or border guard permit. Only border guards could enter the 50-meter border strip.
On the western border section, a technical barrier made of barbed wire with a square mesh system was built along the border line. In the south and west, an infantry minefield was built along the state border for a length of 318 km. The minefields were eliminated in 1956 and were cleared, but in 1957 they were re-deployed on the western border section. The southern border zone was finally eliminated in 1965, and the western one in 1969. The complete clearing of the minefield was completed in 1971, and instead, a low-current, SZ-100 type electrical signaling system used in the Soviet Union at that time was built for a length of 248 km.
From 1989, historical changes began in the history of the Border Guard. The border fence was removed from the western and southern border sections, and the electric signalling system on the Austrian border was dismantled.
In 1989, Hungary joined the 1951 Geneva Convention. As a result of the Hungarian changes, many East German citizens came to Hungary, hoping to continue to West Germany. Based on the decision of the Government of Hungary, the Border Guard opened the border crossings on the western border section to them after the Pan-European Picnic on September 11, 1989. As a result of the decision, tens of thousands of East Germann citizens had migrated to the western part of Germany via Hungary by November 9, the day the Berlin Wall was demolished.
In 1990, following the End of communism in Hungary the establishment of professional border guards began, and with it the radical transformation of the Border Guard organization. The ten Border Guard Directorates, the regional management body of the Border Guard, were organized, and border guard secondary schools were established to prepare the large number of professional border guards recruited. On November 15, 1991, the so-called action squadrons were established under the subordination of three directorates (Nagykanizsa, Pécs, Kiskunhalas), which were later established at all directorates and operated as border patrol squadrons until the abolition of the Border Guard. In April 1998, the last conscripts were discharged from the Border Guard. The scope of the Border Guard expanded and laws regulating border guarding were continuously enacted. The legal background regulating the activities of the Border Guard was finally completed with Act No. XXXII of 1997 on Border Guarding and the Border Guard.
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Border Guard of Hungary
The Border Guard of Hungary (Hungarian: Határőrség Magyarországon) was the border guard of Hungary. Until 2006, it was under the then existing Ministry of the Interior, and from 2006 until its liquidation, it was subordinated to the Ministry of Justice and Law Enforcement, together with the police and the Penitentiary Service. Its main task was to control borders and detect crimes related to border crossing. Although its law enforcement nature has been strengthened in recent years and it is essentially a law enforcement agency, its dual legal status has been retained, meaning that in the event of war, some of its units, the so-called border patrol squadrons, are incorporated into the Hungarian Defence Forces under the constitution, and their control is taken over by the Ministry of Defence.
Hungary's border guarding between the two world wars was influenced by the possibilities set by the Treaty of Trianon. The Hungarian government received permission to establish the Royal Hungarian Customs Guard to guard the borders. The Customs Guard was a disguised part of the Hungarian Armed Forces, operating as a military organization, guarding the state border, ensuring border protection and control of local border traffic, and also performing customs duties. This organization was reorganized into the Royal Hungarian Border Guard in 1932, and then in 1938 it was merged into the Hungarian Army under the name of Border Patrol.
After World War II, the state border and border traffic were guarded by the Honvéd Border Guard and the Border Police, which operated as a separate service branch within the Hungarian Police. The Commander of the Border Guard was Mihály Szalvai from February 16, 1948, to December 31, 1949. The next day, on January 1, 1950, the Border Guard was merged into the State Protection Authority.
This period saw the establishment of a total border guard system on the southern and western border sections. In 1950, a 15 km border zone was established on the southern and western border sections, and within this, 500 and 50-meter border strips were established, which could only be entered with a police or border guard permit. Only border guards could enter the 50-meter border strip.
On the western border section, a technical barrier made of barbed wire with a square mesh system was built along the border line. In the south and west, an infantry minefield was built along the state border for a length of 318 km. The minefields were eliminated in 1956 and were cleared, but in 1957 they were re-deployed on the western border section. The southern border zone was finally eliminated in 1965, and the western one in 1969. The complete clearing of the minefield was completed in 1971, and instead, a low-current, SZ-100 type electrical signaling system used in the Soviet Union at that time was built for a length of 248 km.
From 1989, historical changes began in the history of the Border Guard. The border fence was removed from the western and southern border sections, and the electric signalling system on the Austrian border was dismantled.
In 1989, Hungary joined the 1951 Geneva Convention. As a result of the Hungarian changes, many East German citizens came to Hungary, hoping to continue to West Germany. Based on the decision of the Government of Hungary, the Border Guard opened the border crossings on the western border section to them after the Pan-European Picnic on September 11, 1989. As a result of the decision, tens of thousands of East Germann citizens had migrated to the western part of Germany via Hungary by November 9, the day the Berlin Wall was demolished.
In 1990, following the End of communism in Hungary the establishment of professional border guards began, and with it the radical transformation of the Border Guard organization. The ten Border Guard Directorates, the regional management body of the Border Guard, were organized, and border guard secondary schools were established to prepare the large number of professional border guards recruited. On November 15, 1991, the so-called action squadrons were established under the subordination of three directorates (Nagykanizsa, Pécs, Kiskunhalas), which were later established at all directorates and operated as border patrol squadrons until the abolition of the Border Guard. In April 1998, the last conscripts were discharged from the Border Guard. The scope of the Border Guard expanded and laws regulating border guarding were continuously enacted. The legal background regulating the activities of the Border Guard was finally completed with Act No. XXXII of 1997 on Border Guarding and the Border Guard.
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