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Bourbonnais dialects
The Bourbonnais dialects are spoken in the historic region of Bourbonnais, located in central France and including the department of Allier the area surrounding Saint-Amand-Montrond, in southeastern Cher. This linguistic zone is located between those home to the languages of Oïl, Occitan, and Franco-Provençal.
There are two indigenous languages in Bourbonnais:
Thus "Bourbonnais" is an ambiguous term: it can refer to idioms of Occitan (Bourbonnais of Oc), or to French dialects of the Bourbonnais (Bourbonnais of Oïl).
Bourbonnais dialects were submitted to a Parisian top-down approach, like all other regional languages in France. Besides, the presence of Oïl idioms in the North, which are close to Standard French or Francien (île-de-France dialect), makes it easier to have linguistic assimilation towards the South.
As the majority of dialects, Bourbonnais idioms are mostly spoken, and literary works are rare. However, there are some: one example is that of writer Louis Péroux Beaulaton (1872–1946), who was passionate about his Occitan Auvergnat dialect from the Montluçon suburbs. Nowadays only enthusiasts, as well as the older generation, can speak fluent Oïl and Occitan Bourbonnais dialects. Nevertheless, they haven't totally disappeared: they have been integrated into the French language, adding numerous phrases, expressions and vocabulary. Inhabitants of this region thus unconsciously speak French, but shaded with Bourbonnais forms: this can be noticed by tourists.
Examples of pronunciation (transcriptions are made according to the IPA):
The adverbial pronoun Y (there) is used as a personal pronoun representing an object. For example " fais-le "(do it) (French)/" fais-y "(Boubonnais); "donne-le/la moi "(give it to me) (French)/" donne-moi z'y; ne "(Bourbonnais);" ne le casse pas "(don't break it) (French)/" n'y casse pas "(Bourbonnais); "tu me le/la prêtes" (lend it me) (French)/ "tu m'y prêtes" (Bourbonnais) etc.
There is, in Bourbonnais, a form for neutral gender: the pronoun "al" can be used for masculine gender, as well as for feminine gender, for inanimate objects as for animated ones. Thus, both male and female dogs can be designated by "al", just as a member of a family or a neighbour. For example, the phrase "al a tout mange" ("al" ate it all) can be said about a dog but also about a neighbour.
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Bourbonnais dialects
The Bourbonnais dialects are spoken in the historic region of Bourbonnais, located in central France and including the department of Allier the area surrounding Saint-Amand-Montrond, in southeastern Cher. This linguistic zone is located between those home to the languages of Oïl, Occitan, and Franco-Provençal.
There are two indigenous languages in Bourbonnais:
Thus "Bourbonnais" is an ambiguous term: it can refer to idioms of Occitan (Bourbonnais of Oc), or to French dialects of the Bourbonnais (Bourbonnais of Oïl).
Bourbonnais dialects were submitted to a Parisian top-down approach, like all other regional languages in France. Besides, the presence of Oïl idioms in the North, which are close to Standard French or Francien (île-de-France dialect), makes it easier to have linguistic assimilation towards the South.
As the majority of dialects, Bourbonnais idioms are mostly spoken, and literary works are rare. However, there are some: one example is that of writer Louis Péroux Beaulaton (1872–1946), who was passionate about his Occitan Auvergnat dialect from the Montluçon suburbs. Nowadays only enthusiasts, as well as the older generation, can speak fluent Oïl and Occitan Bourbonnais dialects. Nevertheless, they haven't totally disappeared: they have been integrated into the French language, adding numerous phrases, expressions and vocabulary. Inhabitants of this region thus unconsciously speak French, but shaded with Bourbonnais forms: this can be noticed by tourists.
Examples of pronunciation (transcriptions are made according to the IPA):
The adverbial pronoun Y (there) is used as a personal pronoun representing an object. For example " fais-le "(do it) (French)/" fais-y "(Boubonnais); "donne-le/la moi "(give it to me) (French)/" donne-moi z'y; ne "(Bourbonnais);" ne le casse pas "(don't break it) (French)/" n'y casse pas "(Bourbonnais); "tu me le/la prêtes" (lend it me) (French)/ "tu m'y prêtes" (Bourbonnais) etc.
There is, in Bourbonnais, a form for neutral gender: the pronoun "al" can be used for masculine gender, as well as for feminine gender, for inanimate objects as for animated ones. Thus, both male and female dogs can be designated by "al", just as a member of a family or a neighbour. For example, the phrase "al a tout mange" ("al" ate it all) can be said about a dog but also about a neighbour.