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CPO-STV
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CPO-STV
CPO-STV, or the Comparison of Pairs of Outcomes by the Single Transferable Vote, is a ranked voting system designed to achieve proportional representation. It is a more sophisticated variant of the Single Transferable Vote (STV) system, designed to overcome some of that system's perceived shortcomings. It does this by incorporating some of the features of the Condorcet method, a voting system designed for single-winner elections, into STV. As in other forms of STV, in a CPO-STV election, more than one candidate is elected and voters must rank candidates in order of preference. As of February 2021, it has not been used for a public election.
CPO-STV aims to overcome the problems of tactical voting in traditional forms of STV, where a candidate can be eliminated at an early stage in the process that might have gone on to be elected later had they been allowed to remain in the contest. CPO-STV works by an exhaustive comparison of the various possible outcomes of an election, in accordance with a particular procedure, in order to determine which outcome best matches the preferences of voters. If used for a single-winner election, CPO-STV becomes the same as Condorcet method, in the same way that traditional STV becomes instant-runoff voting (IRV). The system was invented by Nicolaus Tideman.
Each voter ranks the candidates in order of preference. For example:
The precise rules for a given CPO-STV election will determine whether or not a voter must rank every single candidate, and whether or not they are permitted to give the same ranking to more than one candidate.
Both the Hare and Droop quotas may be used for a CPO-STV election. Tideman recommends the Droop quota, given by:
CPO-STV compares every possible outcome of an election to every other possible outcome to find the set of winners with the highest level of support, which is a variation of the Condorcet method. Usually, there is an outcome that wins every such contest, and it is this set of candidates who are elected.
When two outcomes are compared one against another, a special method is used to give each a score and so determine which of the two is the winner. When comparing two outcomes, the steps are as follows:
Occasionally, once every possible outcome has been compared against every other outcome, there will be no one outcome that beats all others—that is, there is no clear 'Condorcet winner'. In such cases, a more complicated procedure, known as a Condorcet completion method, must be used to determine the set of winners that are elected. The precise completion method depends on the version of Condorcet's method being used. Versions of Condorcet's method with different, sophisticated completion methods include Ranked Pairs (also developed by Tideman) and the Schulze method.
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CPO-STV
CPO-STV, or the Comparison of Pairs of Outcomes by the Single Transferable Vote, is a ranked voting system designed to achieve proportional representation. It is a more sophisticated variant of the Single Transferable Vote (STV) system, designed to overcome some of that system's perceived shortcomings. It does this by incorporating some of the features of the Condorcet method, a voting system designed for single-winner elections, into STV. As in other forms of STV, in a CPO-STV election, more than one candidate is elected and voters must rank candidates in order of preference. As of February 2021, it has not been used for a public election.
CPO-STV aims to overcome the problems of tactical voting in traditional forms of STV, where a candidate can be eliminated at an early stage in the process that might have gone on to be elected later had they been allowed to remain in the contest. CPO-STV works by an exhaustive comparison of the various possible outcomes of an election, in accordance with a particular procedure, in order to determine which outcome best matches the preferences of voters. If used for a single-winner election, CPO-STV becomes the same as Condorcet method, in the same way that traditional STV becomes instant-runoff voting (IRV). The system was invented by Nicolaus Tideman.
Each voter ranks the candidates in order of preference. For example:
The precise rules for a given CPO-STV election will determine whether or not a voter must rank every single candidate, and whether or not they are permitted to give the same ranking to more than one candidate.
Both the Hare and Droop quotas may be used for a CPO-STV election. Tideman recommends the Droop quota, given by:
CPO-STV compares every possible outcome of an election to every other possible outcome to find the set of winners with the highest level of support, which is a variation of the Condorcet method. Usually, there is an outcome that wins every such contest, and it is this set of candidates who are elected.
When two outcomes are compared one against another, a special method is used to give each a score and so determine which of the two is the winner. When comparing two outcomes, the steps are as follows:
Occasionally, once every possible outcome has been compared against every other outcome, there will be no one outcome that beats all others—that is, there is no clear 'Condorcet winner'. In such cases, a more complicated procedure, known as a Condorcet completion method, must be used to determine the set of winners that are elected. The precise completion method depends on the version of Condorcet's method being used. Versions of Condorcet's method with different, sophisticated completion methods include Ranked Pairs (also developed by Tideman) and the Schulze method.
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