Calverton (/ˈkælvərtən/) is a village and civil parish in Nottinghamshire, England and of some 4,247 acres (6.636 sq mi; 1,719 ha; 17.19 km²) in size. It is in the Gedling district, about 7 miles (11 km) north-east of Nottingham, 10 miles (16 km) south-east of Mansfield, and situated, like nearby Woodborough and Lambley, on one of the small tributaries of the Dover Beck. The 2021 census found 7,282 inhabitants in 3,120 households. About 2 miles (3.2 km) miles to the north of the village is the site of the supposed deserted settlement of Salterford.

The parish is bounded on the south-east by Woodborough, to the south-west by Arnold, Papplewick and Ravenshead, to the north by Blidworth, and to the north-east by Oxton and Epperstone.

During most of its existence Calverton was a forest village, in that part of Sherwood known as Thorney Wood Chase, with a rural economy limited by a lack of grazing land, in which handicrafts (like woodworking and the knitting of stockings), must in consequence have assumed a more than usual importance. The parliamentary enclosure of 1780 brought some agrarian progress to the village, but it was not until the opening of a colliery by the National Coal Board in 1952, that the village began to assume its present identity, with new housing estates and marked population growth. The colliery closed in 1999 and while a small industrial estate provides some local employment, Calverton has taken on the character of a large commuter village.

In May 1974 the village was officially twinned with Longué-Jumelles, in the Loire valley of France.

The place appears as Calvretone in the Domesday survey of 1086 and as Kalvirton in the Rotuli Hundredorum of 1275. Scholars believe that the name means "the farm of the calves", from Old English calf (genitive plural "calfra" + tūn. Calverton is one of a number of settlements in the area (with Oxton, Bulcote and Lambley), which contain animal place name elements; this has led to speculation that there was some undiscovered ancient functional connection between the places.

Salterford (q.v.) was Saltreford in 1086 and probably means "ford of the salters", where salter refers to a salt–dealer or carrier, rather than a maker of the commodity. Although the place was situated in the forest, the road to York, or King's Highway (the precursor of the A614) passed close by, and this may well have been frequented by salt-carriers. An alternative explanation that it is derived from a ford near to a saltery, or deer-leap, (Latin saltatorium) on the boundary of the royal hunting ground of Sherwood Forest, and had nothing to do with salt is, perhaps, less likely.

Bonner Hill, Bonner Lane and Burnor Pool may each contain the Old Norse word brunnr, a spring + Old English haugr, a hill. Alternatively the first element may be the Old English burna, meaning a spring or stream.

There are traces of two Roman marching camps in a field north-east of the Oxton Road and Whinbush Lane crossroads on the west side of the valley of the Dover Beck (53°03′02.27″N 1°05′0.92″W / 53.0506306°N 1.0835889°W / 53.0506306; -1.0835889).These were identified from aerial photographs, there being no above ground evidence in the form of earthworks. The site of the camps is a protected Scheduled Monument. A smaller one of four acres is set wholly within the defences of a larger, perhaps earlier, one of about twenty-six acres. Marching camps traces are thought to be the remains of the entrenchments made by an army unit for an overnight stop, where there was the chance of an attack. The dimensions of the camp are dictated by the size of the army unit. The transitory nature of these camps suggests that there are unlikely to be substantial archaeological features, other than the identified entrenchment traces.