Canby is a census-designated place in Modoc County, California. It is located 17 miles (27 km) west of Alturas, at an elevation of 4,314 feet (1,315 m). Its population is 183 as of the 2020 census, down from 315 from the 2010 census. The ZIP Code is 96015. The community is inside area code 530.

Canby is the location of the main branch of the I'SOT religious community, and is known for the I'SOT's nativity scenes prominently displayed along the town's main street, California State Route 299.

The first post office opened at Canby in 1874. The town was named in honor of General Edward Canby, who was shot by the Modoc tribal leader Captain Jack at a peacemaking session as part of the Modoc War. This shooting lead to the siege at Captain Jack's Stronghold.

Until the late 1940s, Canby was the site of Big Lakes Box Company and the supply point for Big Lakes Logging Camp in the Adin Mountains about 10 miles (16 km) to the southeast, where conditions were primitive.

About 9.3 mi (15 km) northwest of Canby is a California Historical Landmark number #111 about the Old Emigrant Trail.

California Historical Landmark number 111 reads:

About 5 miles (8 km) southeast of Canby is California Historical Landmark number 125.

California Historical Landmark number 125 reads: