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Castle of Pena de Aguiar
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Castle of Pena de Aguiar
The Castle of Pena de Aguiar (Castelo de Pena de Aguiar) is a medieval castle, alternately the Castle of Aguiar da Pena, situated in the civil parish of Telões, in the municipality of Vila Pouca de Aguiar, in the Portuguese district of Vila Real.
In the first century B.C. a Roman military fort was constructed to overlook the important roadway between Aquas Flavias (Chaves) and Lamecum (Lamego). At that time, the Romans were attracted to the region due to the presence of gold ore, silver and lead. In the following centuries, the region was successively occupied by Visigoths and Muslims until the eighth century.
By the 11th century, following the Christian Reconquista of the territory, the Kings of León recovered and restructured the former Visigothic administrative center. There are references to the conquest of the region by troops of Ferdinand I of León. At that time the countships of the region were reestablished, resulting in the construction of fortified residences that served as shelters and residences for the masters of the land.
Between the beginning of the 12th century and 13th century, the castle of Aguiar was constructed, and likely completed during the reign of Sancho I. At this time, the "castle" was an important strategic point in the Terra de Aguiar (the nucleus of municipality of Vila Pouca de Aguiar) and inhabited by partisans of D. Afonso Henriques (1112–1185), later referenced in medieval Hagiography in Santa Senhorinha de Basto. For this reason, the region was invaded and the Castle of Aguiar besieged by Leonese forces, that were charged with bringing the region to heal or imprisoning the supporters of Afonso Henriques. An important event in the independence of Portugal, it was D. Gonçalo Mendes de Sousas, master of the dominions of Aguair and Panóis, and man-at-arms of the nascent King who quickly hastened to give aid to the forces at Pena de Aguiar.
Later, during the reign of King D. Afonso III (1248–1279), the parish of Telões received its first Carta de Foral (Foral charter) on 10 July 1255. At this time, though, the fortification had already begun to lose its strategic importance, and following 1258, the population began to gradually abandon the maintenance of the defensive line.
At the end of the 14th century, there were works completed in the barbican and the embrasure hall; it is unclear whether the public works were destined to the castle's consolidation or from repairs. By the beginning of the 16th century, the village of Telões lost its administrative importance, and was integrated into the foral associated with Aguiar da Pena in 1515. Ironically, it was during this time that more information on the castle alcaldes were specified, including: Diogo Lopes de Azevedo; Fernão Martins de Souza (from 17 July 1534); João de Souza Guedes; and Jerónimo de Souza Machado (1583–1594).
The structure was finally abandoned in 1527, due to a progressive change in warfare dependent on gunpowder.
On a 28 December 1804 report, there is evidence that the Province of Trás-os-Montes was unprotected, without fort or military fortifications, during the Spanish invasion of 1762, resulting in the assault of Chaves, Bragança and Miranda, and attacks on castles in the region. A circular was issued on 23 September 1861, restating the problems that existed in the northern defences, from the Ministro da Guerra (Minister of War) referring to the fortifications of the province.
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Castle of Pena de Aguiar
The Castle of Pena de Aguiar (Castelo de Pena de Aguiar) is a medieval castle, alternately the Castle of Aguiar da Pena, situated in the civil parish of Telões, in the municipality of Vila Pouca de Aguiar, in the Portuguese district of Vila Real.
In the first century B.C. a Roman military fort was constructed to overlook the important roadway between Aquas Flavias (Chaves) and Lamecum (Lamego). At that time, the Romans were attracted to the region due to the presence of gold ore, silver and lead. In the following centuries, the region was successively occupied by Visigoths and Muslims until the eighth century.
By the 11th century, following the Christian Reconquista of the territory, the Kings of León recovered and restructured the former Visigothic administrative center. There are references to the conquest of the region by troops of Ferdinand I of León. At that time the countships of the region were reestablished, resulting in the construction of fortified residences that served as shelters and residences for the masters of the land.
Between the beginning of the 12th century and 13th century, the castle of Aguiar was constructed, and likely completed during the reign of Sancho I. At this time, the "castle" was an important strategic point in the Terra de Aguiar (the nucleus of municipality of Vila Pouca de Aguiar) and inhabited by partisans of D. Afonso Henriques (1112–1185), later referenced in medieval Hagiography in Santa Senhorinha de Basto. For this reason, the region was invaded and the Castle of Aguiar besieged by Leonese forces, that were charged with bringing the region to heal or imprisoning the supporters of Afonso Henriques. An important event in the independence of Portugal, it was D. Gonçalo Mendes de Sousas, master of the dominions of Aguair and Panóis, and man-at-arms of the nascent King who quickly hastened to give aid to the forces at Pena de Aguiar.
Later, during the reign of King D. Afonso III (1248–1279), the parish of Telões received its first Carta de Foral (Foral charter) on 10 July 1255. At this time, though, the fortification had already begun to lose its strategic importance, and following 1258, the population began to gradually abandon the maintenance of the defensive line.
At the end of the 14th century, there were works completed in the barbican and the embrasure hall; it is unclear whether the public works were destined to the castle's consolidation or from repairs. By the beginning of the 16th century, the village of Telões lost its administrative importance, and was integrated into the foral associated with Aguiar da Pena in 1515. Ironically, it was during this time that more information on the castle alcaldes were specified, including: Diogo Lopes de Azevedo; Fernão Martins de Souza (from 17 July 1534); João de Souza Guedes; and Jerónimo de Souza Machado (1583–1594).
The structure was finally abandoned in 1527, due to a progressive change in warfare dependent on gunpowder.
On a 28 December 1804 report, there is evidence that the Province of Trás-os-Montes was unprotected, without fort or military fortifications, during the Spanish invasion of 1762, resulting in the assault of Chaves, Bragança and Miranda, and attacks on castles in the region. A circular was issued on 23 September 1861, restating the problems that existed in the northern defences, from the Ministro da Guerra (Minister of War) referring to the fortifications of the province.
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