In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the categorical trace is a generalization of the trace of a matrix.

The trace is defined in the context of a symmetric monoidal category C, i.e., a category equipped with a suitable notion of a product ${\displaystyle \otimes }$. (The notation reflects that the product is, in many cases, a kind of a tensor product.) An object X in such a category C is called dualizable if there is another object ${\displaystyle X^{\vee }}$ playing the role of a dual object of X. In this situation, the trace of a morphism ${\displaystyle f:X\to X}$ is defined as the composition of the following morphisms: ${\displaystyle \mathrm {tr} (f):1\ {\stackrel {coev}{\longrightarrow }}\ X\otimes X^{\vee }\ {\stackrel {f\otimes \operatorname {id} }{\longrightarrow }}\ X\otimes X^{\vee }\ {\stackrel {twist}{\longrightarrow }}\ X^{\vee }\otimes X\ {\stackrel {eval}{\longrightarrow }}\ 1}$ where 1 is the monoidal unit and the extremal morphisms are the coevaluation and evaluation, which are part of the definition of dualizable objects.

The same definition applies, to great effect, also when C is a symmetric monoidal ∞-category.

Kondyrev & Prikhodko (2018) have used categorical trace methods to prove an algebro-geometric version of the Atiyah–Bott fixed point formula, an extension of the Lefschetz fixed point formula.