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Cavriana

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Cavriana

Cavriana is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Mantua in the Italian region Lombardy, part of the municipalities of Alto Mantovano.

Cavriana is in the northern part of the Province of Mantua. It is located about 110 kilometres (68 mi) east of Milan and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) northwest of Mantua. It is on a hilly territory (with a minimum altitude of 43 m and a maximum of 202 m). Cavriana borders with the Province of Brescia, with the municipalities of Pozzolengo and Lonato del Garda, while the Province of Verona (Valeggio sul Mincio) and the Garda Lake are just a few kilometers away.

The town has 5 hamlets: San Cassiano, San Giacomo, Castelgrimaldo, Campagnolo and Bande.

The name "Cavriana" could derive from the Latin Caprius or Caprilius plus the suffix -ana.

What is sure is that the small town was called Capriana: it is indeed mentioned in the Latin poem Anticerberus by Bongiovanni da Cavriana written in the second half of the XIII century. He wrote: "Me Capriana tulit, dicor Bonus atque Iohannes" [I was born in Cavriana and my name is Bongiovanni].

Settlements in Cavriana started in the Bronze Age, specifically in 2040 B.C. with the pile-dwelling of Bande, now one of the hamlets of Cavriana. Many findings of that age have been discovered, among which some important brotlaibidoles, small clay objects dating back to the 2100-1400 B.C. periods, engraved with symbols whose meaning is still unknown and found throughout Europe.

The phase of Romanization started in 225 b.C. Cavriana was a centre of commerce thanks to the main roads passing near the settlement (Via Postumia and Strada Cavallara): this is why many Roman villas have been discovered, as well as two necropolis and a worship place.

The early medieval history is not as known as the prehistoric one and Northern Italy was invaded by different peoples. Probably the first defensive structure dates back to 1045, when Henry III acknowledged Cavriana as property of the bishop of Mantua. In 1367 Cavriana became part of the territories of the House of Gonzaga, princes of Mantua. The castle was expanded in these years because Cavriana was a border area between Visconti and the Republic of Venice. With Ludovico III, in the XV century, the castle of Cavriana became a refined home and hosted architects, such as Luca Fancelli, as well as Isabella d'Este. Cavriana saw a flourishing time and its decline started in 1630. It fell under Austrian domination in 1707. On the 24th June 1859 Cavriana saw the Battle of Solferino, when the Austrian army was defeated by Napoleon III. Cavriana joined the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

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