Chaplyne (Ukrainian: Чаплине, pronounced [ˈtʃɑplɪne]; Russian: Чаплино, romanized: Chaplino) is a rural settlement in Synelnykove Raion, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, Ukraine. It belongs to Dubovyky rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Its latest estimated population was 3,630 (2022 estimate).

The name of the village comes from the small river Chaplyna, which flows near it.

It was founded at the end of the 19th century during the construction of the Catherine railway (1882–1884), which connected the Donetsk coal and Kryvorizka iron ore basins. It was a part of Oleksandrivsky District of Katerynoslav Province.

After the commissioning of the Chapline-Berdyansk railway branch in 1898, the station turned into a railway hub. From the Ulyanivka station, the track and communication services, as well as the depot, were transferred here.

In 1896, a Belgian company started the construction of the "Ceramics" plant, which accelerated the development of the village and the station. In 1909, 26,000 wagons of bread and other goods passed through the Chapline station.

In 1913, the first educational institution – the railway school – was opened.

With the collapse of the Russian Empire, Chaplyne became part of the Ukrainian People's Republic. In January 1919, during the Russo-Ukrainian war, the village was captured by soldiers of the Red Army, on 15 June by the Russian Volunteer Army. On 30 December, the White Army retreated and the "Red Russians" came. Since then, the village was under the control of the communists.

During the Holodomor organized by Soviet authorities in 1932–1933, at least 16 residents of the village died.