Cristoforo Colombo (Christopher Columbus) was born in Genoa, Italy. While the exact date remains uncertain, historical documents place it sometime between late August and late October. His father, Domenico Colombo, was a wool weaver and merchant, and his mother was Susanna Fontanarossa. Genoa, a major maritime republic, provided a natural setting for his future seafaring life.

Columbus's early life involved extensive travel and maritime experience in the Mediterranean and possibly beyond. He may have worked as a cartographer's assistant, deepening his understanding of maps and navigation. He sailed on various trading voyages, potentially including trips to Chios (a Genoese colony) and other Mediterranean ports. These experiences provided practical knowledge of sailing, navigation, and trade crucial for his later voyages.

Columbus traveled extensively throughout the Mediterranean, including voyages to Chios, a Genoese trading post. He may have participated in expeditions to North Africa and possibly even Iceland or England during this time. These voyages exposed him to diverse cultures, navigational techniques, and geographical knowledge, broadening his understanding of the world beyond Genoa. He likely became fluent in several languages, including Portuguese, Spanish, and Latin.

Columbus was involved in a shipwreck off the coast of Portugal. He swam ashore and made his way to Lisbon. This event significantly impacted his life, leading him to settle in Portugal, a leading maritime power at the time. His experience in the shipwreck solidified his connection to the sea.

Columbus settled in Lisbon, Portugal, where he worked as a cartographer and bookseller. He married Filipa Moniz Perestrelo, a noblewoman. Her family connections provided him with access to important navigational charts, maritime knowledge, and influential individuals within the Portuguese court. Filipa's father was a captain in the service of Prince Henry the Navigator.