Chumar or Chumur (Tibetan: ཆུ་མུར་, Wylie: chu mur) is a village located in south-eastern region of Ladakh, India and the centre of nomadic grazing. It is in Rupshu block, south of the Tso Moriri lake, on the bank of the Parang River (or Pare Chu), close to Ladakh's border with Tibet. Since 2012, China has disputed the border region situated to the south and southeast of Chumur village within the Chumur sector. However, the Chumur village itself is undisputed and remains in India.

Chumar is reachable from east (Hanle and Demchok), north/northwest (Tso Moriri, Karzok, Meroo, Ryul, and Leh), and west/southwest (Kiato, Kaza, Tabo, and Shimla) from the Meroo-Ryul-Hanle-Chumur-Karzok-Kiato road network (including the 125 km long Kiato-Karzok Road from Spiti Valley via Takling La Tunnel).

Chumar is along the course of Pare Chu river, close to Ladakh's border with Tibet. The Pare Chu river originates in India's Himachal Pradesh, flows through Ladakh, and turns southeast near Chumar to flow into what the British called the 'Tsotso district' (now Tsosib Sumkyil Township) in Tibet's Tsamda County. After about 80 miles, Pare Chu reenters Himachal Pradesh again to join the Spiti River.

The Chumar settlement itself is in a side valley of Pare Chu, on the bank of a stream, called Chumur Tokpo that flows down from Mount Shinowu. (32°42′31″N 78°43′38″E / 32.7087°N 78.7273°E / 32.7087; 78.7273 (Mount Shinowu)). There is also a historic gompa (Buddhist temple) near the village and a Chumur monastery further upstream. Along the course of Pare Chu and its tributary streams are numerous pastures and campgrounds utilised by the pastoral nomads of Rupshu. Some of them close to Pare Chu are listed as Sarlale, Takdible, Nirale, Tible, Lemarle and Chepzile.

The Chepzile campground is near a small hamlet called Chepzi which boasts some farmlands. Two tributaries join Pare Chu near the hamlet: Chepzilung (or Chepzi stream) from the west and Tegopagna (also called Kyumsalung Panglung) stream from the east. Chepzilung originates below the Gya Peak, a key point on the border between Spiti (Himachal Pradesh) and Tibet. According to the map drawn by Frederic Drew, who worked as a geologist in the administration of Jammu and Kashmir, these two tributaries were border rivers of Ladakh. The notes to the map he provided state that the subjects of Jammu and Kashmir grazed their cattle in the pasturelands up to the boundary, while the subjects of Tibet did likewise on their side. (Map 2)

By the time of Indian independence in 1947, the Indian administration appears to have conceded part of the valley of Chepzilung to the Tibetans. When independent India defined its boundaries in 1954, it also withdrew from the Tegopagna river to the east of Chepzi, and set the watershed ridge between Chumur Tokpo and Tegopagna as its boundary. On the Pare Chu river itself, the Indian-defined border is five miles south of Chumar, and roughly two miles north of Chepzi. This allows the Tibetan graziers unrestricted access to both the tributary rivers of Pare Chu at Chepzi.

The combined effect of these decisions gave the appearance of a "bulge" in Indian territory near the Pare Chu river. The Indian government justified it on the grounds that the Ladakh's inhabitants had traditionally used the grazing lands along Pare Chu right up to Chepzi.

The people of Chumar claim to have continued to use the farmland and grazing grounds at Chepzi until the recent past. They say that their access to these lands has been blocked by the Chinese People's Liberation Army in recent years. The local nobility family of Rupshu continues to own the farmland and a palace at Chepzi. The Indian Army has said that the Chepzi grazing grounds were "beyond the Indian borders." But the locals are adamant that the Army does not understand their traditional grazing systems.