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Codlets are a family, Bregmacerotidae, of cod-like fishes, containing the single genus Bregmaceros found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. They are very small fishes and even the largest, B. lanceolatus, reaches only 11.5 cm (4.5 in) in length.
They are the second-most basal members of the Gadiformes, and are the only member of the suborderBregmacerotoidei.[2]
Their scientific name is from Greekbregma meaning the top of the head, and keras meaning "horn"; this refers to their occipital ray (a spine emerging from the top of the head).
Fossils of Bregmaceros are found from the Eocene to the Quaternary (age range: from 37.2 to 0.0 million years ago.). They are known from various localities in Europe, North America, Africa, and Australasia. A few are known from articulated fossils skeletons, but a vast majority of fossil bregmacerotid remains are only from isolated, diagnostic otoliths.[4] About 14 fossil Bregmaceros species are known, with two from articulated skeletons and 12 known from otoliths:[4]
†Bregmacerosalbyi (Sauvage, 1880) (=B. bosniaski (Sauvage, 1880)) - Miocene of Spain, Portugal, Italy, Algeria, Gabon, Greece, Malta, Austria, Poland, the Czech Republic & the eastern United States, and Pliocene of Spain, Italy & Greece. Known from both fossil skeletons and isolated otoliths.
†Bregmaceros troelli Dante & Frizzell, 1965 - middle Eocene of Texas, US [otolith]
A potential extinct relative, Bregmacerina, is known from the Early Miocene of Russia, where it inhabited the Paratethys. It shares close similarities to Bregmaceros in the reduction of the first dorsal fin, but differs in other aspects. It remains uncertain whether it is an actual member of the Bregmacerotidae.[4]
