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Corymbia calophylla
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Corymbia calophylla
Corymbia calophylla, commonly known as marri, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a tree or mallee with rough bark on part or all of the trunk, lance-shaped adult leaves, branched clusters of cup-shaped or pear-shaped flower buds, each branch with three or seven buds, white to pink flowers, and relatively large oval to urn-shaped fruit, colloquially known as honky nuts. Marri wood has had many uses, both for Aboriginal people, and in the construction industry.
Corymbia calophylla is a large tree, or a mallee in poor soil, that typically grows to a height of 40 metres (131 ft), but can reach over 60 metres (197 ft). The largest known individual specimen is 71 m (233 ft) tall, has a 10.8 m (35 ft) girth and a wood volume of 134 m3 (4,700 cu ft). The trunk of the tree may grow up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) wide, the branches becoming large, thick and rambling. It has rough, tessellated, grey-brown to red-brown bark that extends over the length of the trunk and branches.
Adult leaves are arranged alternately, thick and glossy green on both sides, broadly lance-shaped to egg-shaped and tapered or rounded at the base. The leaf blade is 9 to 14 centimetres (4 to 6 in) long and 25 to 40 mm (1.0 to 1.6 in) wide with a narrowly flattened or channelled petiole 15 to 20 mm (0.6 to 0.8 in) long.
It blooms between December and May, producing white to pink flowers. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets on a branched peduncle that is circular or angled in cross-section. Each branch of the peduncle has buds in groups of three or seven on pedicels 6–37 mm (0.24–1.46 in) long. Mature buds are club-shaped or pear-shaped, 6–14 mm (0.24–0.55 in) long and 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) wide with a flattened operculum. The fruits or gumnuts form later and can remain on the tree for a year or more. They are oval to urn-shaped, 30–50 mm (1.2–2.0 in) long and 25–40 mm (1.0–1.6 in) wide on a pedicel 7–40 mm (0.3–1.6 in) long. The gumnuts carry large seeds, which are an important food source for native bird species such as cockatoos. The tree propagates readily from seed. It is distinctive among bloodwoods for its very large buds and fruit, colloquially known as honky (or honkey) nuts in Western Australia.
The name Eucalyptus calophylla was first published in 1831 by Robert Brown in Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, but without a description it was deemed to be a nomen nudum. Brown used a specimen grown at Kew to include the species in the family as Myrtaceae. He did not give a reason for the specific epithet (calophylla); however, Ferdinand von Mueller noted in 1879 that Brown "bestowed the specific name on this tree seemingly for a double reason, because the foliage is more beautiful than that of many other Eucalypts, and also because the venation of the leaves reminds of that of the tropical genus Calophyllum in the plants-order of Guttiferae".
The first formal description of E. calophylla was published in 1841 by John Lindley in Edwards Botanical Register. Seeds of the plant had been collected at "Augusta" by "Mrs. Molloy" and sent to "Capt. Jas. Mangles, R.N.", who was later a seed merchant.
Mueller placed the species with a series of "bloodwoods" in 1884, based on characteristics of the bark. Joseph Maiden's 1920 book, A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus, supported this arrangement.
In 1995 Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson changed the name to Corymbia calophylla. In 2009, Carlos Parra-O and colleagues published a combined analysis of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters to clarify relationships within the genus Corymbia. C. calophylla was found to form a natural group with two other Western Australian species C. ficifolia and C. haematoxylon. They classified the group as section Calophyllae within the subgenus Corymbia.
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Corymbia calophylla
Corymbia calophylla, commonly known as marri, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a tree or mallee with rough bark on part or all of the trunk, lance-shaped adult leaves, branched clusters of cup-shaped or pear-shaped flower buds, each branch with three or seven buds, white to pink flowers, and relatively large oval to urn-shaped fruit, colloquially known as honky nuts. Marri wood has had many uses, both for Aboriginal people, and in the construction industry.
Corymbia calophylla is a large tree, or a mallee in poor soil, that typically grows to a height of 40 metres (131 ft), but can reach over 60 metres (197 ft). The largest known individual specimen is 71 m (233 ft) tall, has a 10.8 m (35 ft) girth and a wood volume of 134 m3 (4,700 cu ft). The trunk of the tree may grow up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) wide, the branches becoming large, thick and rambling. It has rough, tessellated, grey-brown to red-brown bark that extends over the length of the trunk and branches.
Adult leaves are arranged alternately, thick and glossy green on both sides, broadly lance-shaped to egg-shaped and tapered or rounded at the base. The leaf blade is 9 to 14 centimetres (4 to 6 in) long and 25 to 40 mm (1.0 to 1.6 in) wide with a narrowly flattened or channelled petiole 15 to 20 mm (0.6 to 0.8 in) long.
It blooms between December and May, producing white to pink flowers. The flower buds are arranged on the ends of branchlets on a branched peduncle that is circular or angled in cross-section. Each branch of the peduncle has buds in groups of three or seven on pedicels 6–37 mm (0.24–1.46 in) long. Mature buds are club-shaped or pear-shaped, 6–14 mm (0.24–0.55 in) long and 6–10 mm (0.24–0.39 in) wide with a flattened operculum. The fruits or gumnuts form later and can remain on the tree for a year or more. They are oval to urn-shaped, 30–50 mm (1.2–2.0 in) long and 25–40 mm (1.0–1.6 in) wide on a pedicel 7–40 mm (0.3–1.6 in) long. The gumnuts carry large seeds, which are an important food source for native bird species such as cockatoos. The tree propagates readily from seed. It is distinctive among bloodwoods for its very large buds and fruit, colloquially known as honky (or honkey) nuts in Western Australia.
The name Eucalyptus calophylla was first published in 1831 by Robert Brown in Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London, but without a description it was deemed to be a nomen nudum. Brown used a specimen grown at Kew to include the species in the family as Myrtaceae. He did not give a reason for the specific epithet (calophylla); however, Ferdinand von Mueller noted in 1879 that Brown "bestowed the specific name on this tree seemingly for a double reason, because the foliage is more beautiful than that of many other Eucalypts, and also because the venation of the leaves reminds of that of the tropical genus Calophyllum in the plants-order of Guttiferae".
The first formal description of E. calophylla was published in 1841 by John Lindley in Edwards Botanical Register. Seeds of the plant had been collected at "Augusta" by "Mrs. Molloy" and sent to "Capt. Jas. Mangles, R.N.", who was later a seed merchant.
Mueller placed the species with a series of "bloodwoods" in 1884, based on characteristics of the bark. Joseph Maiden's 1920 book, A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus, supported this arrangement.
In 1995 Ken Hill and Lawrie Johnson changed the name to Corymbia calophylla. In 2009, Carlos Parra-O and colleagues published a combined analysis of nuclear rDNA (ETS + ITS) and morphological characters to clarify relationships within the genus Corymbia. C. calophylla was found to form a natural group with two other Western Australian species C. ficifolia and C. haematoxylon. They classified the group as section Calophyllae within the subgenus Corymbia.
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