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Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front
The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front (Persian: شورای هماهنگی جبهه اصلاحات), also referred to as the Reformist Front Coordination Council or the Second of Khordad Front, is a political organization in Iran. It is the primary umbrella organization, coalition and council of political groups among the Iranian reformists. Since 2015, it is overseen by the Reformists' Supreme Council for Policy-making.
On 13 November 1999, eighteen groups came together to form the "Council for Coordinating of 2nd of Khordad Front" (Persian: شورای هماهنگی جبهه دوم خرداد) with the aim of laying down a unified reformist strategy. The coalitions's namesake, 2 Khordad 1376, is the date of Mohammed Khatami's landslide victory in the 1997 Iranian presidential election according to the Solar Hijri calendar. The 18 groups were later nicknamed "Second of Khordad Front G-18" (Persian: گروههای هیجدهگانه جبهه دوم خرداد).
The coalition was able to gain a supermajority in the 2000 Iranian legislative election and won almost all 30 seats in the most important constituency, Tehran. However, the coalition was "loose". While different groups of the coalition pursued slightly different priorities, on the whole they supported Mohammad Khatami's reforms.
Despite reformists winning all 15 seats of City Council of Tehran in 1999, clashes and disagreements between councilors of the Executives of Construction Party, the Islamic Iran Participation Front and the Islamic Iran Solidarity Party gradually reached the point that the city council was dissolved by Ministry of Interior two months prior to the 2003 local elections. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front declared that it was not supporting any of the incumbent councilors in Tehran, making an issue of compromise on a unified electoral list. The member groups failed to form an alliance and every group endorsed its own candidates, with more than 10 reformist electoral lists issued. They reformists had a major defeat, losing all seats to the principlist Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran. Following the election, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad became Mayor of Tehran.
After many of the coalition's candidates were disqualified for the 2004 parliamentary elections by the Guardian council, reformist MPs held a sit-in protest in the Islamic Consultative Assembly. On 31 January 2004 the council declared it "will not participate in the election". As a result, the principlists won the election.
In the 2005 Iranian presidential election, reformists were unable to put forward a coalition candidate based on consensus. The Executives of Construction Party supported Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization endorsed the Participation Front candidate Mostafa Moeen. The Association of Combatant Clerics' secretary-general, Mehdi Karroubi, and Mohsen Mehralizadeh were other candidates supported by various reformist groups. With Mahmoud Ahmadinejad winning the election in run-off, the reformists lost another office to principlists.
In 2006, two elections were held simultaneously: Assembly of Experts and local elections. The council reached a joint electoral list; however, newly founded reformist National Trust Party led by Mehdi Karroubi decided to issue its own list and endorsed some principlist candidates for Assembly of Experts.
In the 2008 parliamentary election, despite many reformists being disqualified, the front compromised to support a shared list of candidates, named "Reformists Coalition". The National Trust Party endorsed its own candidates.
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Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front
The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front (Persian: شورای هماهنگی جبهه اصلاحات), also referred to as the Reformist Front Coordination Council or the Second of Khordad Front, is a political organization in Iran. It is the primary umbrella organization, coalition and council of political groups among the Iranian reformists. Since 2015, it is overseen by the Reformists' Supreme Council for Policy-making.
On 13 November 1999, eighteen groups came together to form the "Council for Coordinating of 2nd of Khordad Front" (Persian: شورای هماهنگی جبهه دوم خرداد) with the aim of laying down a unified reformist strategy. The coalitions's namesake, 2 Khordad 1376, is the date of Mohammed Khatami's landslide victory in the 1997 Iranian presidential election according to the Solar Hijri calendar. The 18 groups were later nicknamed "Second of Khordad Front G-18" (Persian: گروههای هیجدهگانه جبهه دوم خرداد).
The coalition was able to gain a supermajority in the 2000 Iranian legislative election and won almost all 30 seats in the most important constituency, Tehran. However, the coalition was "loose". While different groups of the coalition pursued slightly different priorities, on the whole they supported Mohammad Khatami's reforms.
Despite reformists winning all 15 seats of City Council of Tehran in 1999, clashes and disagreements between councilors of the Executives of Construction Party, the Islamic Iran Participation Front and the Islamic Iran Solidarity Party gradually reached the point that the city council was dissolved by Ministry of Interior two months prior to the 2003 local elections. The Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front declared that it was not supporting any of the incumbent councilors in Tehran, making an issue of compromise on a unified electoral list. The member groups failed to form an alliance and every group endorsed its own candidates, with more than 10 reformist electoral lists issued. They reformists had a major defeat, losing all seats to the principlist Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran. Following the election, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad became Mayor of Tehran.
After many of the coalition's candidates were disqualified for the 2004 parliamentary elections by the Guardian council, reformist MPs held a sit-in protest in the Islamic Consultative Assembly. On 31 January 2004 the council declared it "will not participate in the election". As a result, the principlists won the election.
In the 2005 Iranian presidential election, reformists were unable to put forward a coalition candidate based on consensus. The Executives of Construction Party supported Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution of Iran Organization endorsed the Participation Front candidate Mostafa Moeen. The Association of Combatant Clerics' secretary-general, Mehdi Karroubi, and Mohsen Mehralizadeh were other candidates supported by various reformist groups. With Mahmoud Ahmadinejad winning the election in run-off, the reformists lost another office to principlists.
In 2006, two elections were held simultaneously: Assembly of Experts and local elections. The council reached a joint electoral list; however, newly founded reformist National Trust Party led by Mehdi Karroubi decided to issue its own list and endorsed some principlist candidates for Assembly of Experts.
In the 2008 parliamentary election, despite many reformists being disqualified, the front compromised to support a shared list of candidates, named "Reformists Coalition". The National Trust Party endorsed its own candidates.