The Crimean Roma (also known as Crimean gypsies, or Çingene) are a sub-ethnic group of the Muslim Roma heavily assimilated among Crimean Tatars to the point that they are now considered to be the fourth subgroup of Crimean Tatars. Currently, they live in many countries of the former Soviet Union, including Russia. They speak the Crimean Tatar language and their own Crimean Romani dialect. Crimean Roma traditionally practice Islam.

When exactly the first Romani people arrived in Crimea and where they lived before coming to Crimea differs greatly among sources and remains a controversial topic in Roma studies. Professor of Roma history Vadim Toropov claims that the first Romani people to arrive in Crimea came to the peninsula in either the 14th and/or 15th century, having previously lived in the area of Byzantium, while Crimean Tatar writer Nedzhati Seidametov claimed they were Turkmen who came to Crimea alongside the Golden Horde, and Pavel Nikolsky says that they came in separate waves, first in the 13th century alongside the Golden Horde and then later Roma moved to Crimea from the Balkans; more and more historians accept the mixed origins theory for the ethnogenesis of the Crimean Roma, with the consensus being that different Crimean Roma groups arrived in Crimea from different places at different times. In the Crimean Khanate, the Roma, like people of other nations, were not harassed; the authorities did not persecute them and they were not treated with contempt. In Crimea, they led a sedentary and semi-sedentary lifestyle, engage in productive labor and music. In the 18th century, Islam became the traditional religion of the Crimean gypsies. Roma researcher Nikolai Shtiber wrote in his essay on Roma in Crimea:

—Nikolai Shtiber

Historically, most musicians in Crimea were Crimean Roma, partially due to the stigma against musicians at the time.

There are three main subgroups of the Crimean Roma — the Krimurja, the Urmacheli, and the Tayfa. There are also subgroups of within each of the Crimean Roma communities: however, the castes of some subgroups were somewhat fluid in that people who switched professions and assimilated into the caste of said profession would be considered part of the caste, and there was some mixing between different Crimean Roma groups, namely the Krimurja and the Tayfa. Crimean Roma are often called Chingene by non-Roma Crimean Tatars. Due to the fact that the different Crimean Roma all professed the Muslim faith and imitated Crimean Tatars in customs and dress, it was often difficult for the Russian population to tell about the Roma and non-Roma Crimeans at first glance.

The Krimurja, are descendants of Romani people who migrated to Crimea from the Balkans in different waves, but came later than the other Crimean Roma groups, some as late as the 19th century. Their dialect of the Romani language is close to the dialect of the Ursari. They do not refer to themselves as Ayudzhi, and some are even unaware of the exonym being used to describe them. The Krimurjia have held on to Roma traditions more than the other Roma groups. They are more nomadic than other Crimean Roma groups, they often lived in cities during the winter and on the Crimean steppe in the summer. Many sources report that the Krumurja were blacksmiths and bear trainers, however Marushiakova and Popov dispute the idea that the Krimurjia were blacksmiths and bear trainers, citing a lack of historical memory of those practices. The Krimurja are Muslims, and it is generally agreed that they were Muslims before they came to Crimea.

The Urmacheli are Tatarized Romani people whose ancestors migrated from the Balkans to Crimea in the 16th century, and are probably the largest subgroup of the Crimean Roma. Although they do not deny their Romani origins, they are very Tatarized, and hold the status of a special ethnic group within the Crimean Tatar people, and are usually viewed as fellow Crimean Tatars. Other Romani peoples, such as the Krimurja (Ayudzhi) do not view the Urmacheli as real Romani people due to the extent of their assimilation. However, Urmacheli do retain some Romani vocabulary, and do sometimes refer to other Crimean Tatars of non-Roma origins as "gadjo". Originally many Urmacheli lived in Salachiq, where they became famous as excellent musicians. The Urmacheli divided themselves up by profession.

The exact origins of the Tayfa/Dayfa, formerly called Gurbets/Kurbets has been a subject of debate among anthropologists for centuries. Seraya Shapshal observed the Tayfa during his visit to Qarasubazar in 1910 and attributed their origins to the Turkmen, and presuming that they were called Gypsies by outsiders due to their semi-nomadic lifestyle at the time. Two years later in 1912, Alexander Samoylovich observed the Tayfa in Qarasubazar and attributed their origins to being Tatarized Romani people. Other theories suggest that they are derived from Balkan Romani Muslims, some theories indicate ancestral relations with the Stravpol and Astrakhan Turkmens, while Vadim Toporov speculates that they are not Romani at all but Kurds who were mistaken for Romani people, and who previously lived in the Georgian areas of the Ottoman Empire. Another theory for Tayfa origins held by some Tayfa is that they came from the city of Mersin in Turkey. There is no consensus for the origins of the Tayfa among the Tayfa themselves, and there is even disagreement about Tayfa origins within individual families. They also sometimes describe themselves Romacheli or Urumacheli. Historically they observed some Shia traditions such as mourning during Muharram, and singing ilahi chants, and some Crimean Tatars remain suspicious about their faith, but they are Sunni Muslims by faith. Tayfa Crimean Tatars almost always see themselves as primarily Crimean Tatars, with their Romani origins being an aspect of their historical heritage but not their cultural identity. Like other Crimean Roma, the Tayfa are often called Chingene, but many Tayfa consider the term to be very offensive.