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Crissiumal
Crissiumal is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, located in the Northwest Rio Grande do Sul mesoregion and the Três Passos Microregion, at a latitude of 27°30'00" south and a longitude of 54°06'03" west, at an altitude of 410 meters. Its estimated population in 2016 was 14,233, covering an area of 363.106 km2. The municipality is traversed by the waters of the Uruguay River. Its main access is via the RS-207 highway, though it is also served by the RS-305.
Crissiumal was originally founded in 1933, with official emancipation occurring in 1954. Its name is believed to originate from criciúma, a plant abundant in the region, which in the Tupi language means a smooth, flexible rod or small bamboo. The service sector currently accounts for 60% of the municipal GDP, serving as the primary source of income.
One of Crissiumal's most prominent and traditional football clubs is the Tupi Futebol Clube, established in May 1949. Crissiumal hosts various events, such as the Feast of Our Lady of Navigators and Expocris, and features several tourist attractions, including the Castle, the Pioneer Monument, and the Church of the Three Holy Martyrs of the Missions. It is known as the Gaucho capital of agro-industries. Crissiumal is the 122nd most populous city in the state and the 2133rd in Brazil.
The city's name derives from a shrub-like plant common in the region, known as criciúma. The word criciúma likely originates from the Tupi language, meaning a smooth, flexible rod or small bamboo. According to the Michaelis Dictionary, it refers to plants of the genera Criciuma or Bambusa, belonging to the grass family. The etymology of the word is unknown, and the correct spelling is "quiriciúma," as, according to Anchieta, there are no consonant clusters in the Tupi language.
The first inhabitants of Crissiumal were the Tupi indigenous groups. These indigenous peoples cultivated maize, cassava, and yam, which they used to produce other foods and low-alcohol beverages. In the 1930s, two indigenous settlements, each with 60 to 70 families, existed in the areas of Bela Vista and Linha Porto Alegre. In the 1970s, artifacts such as two millstones, a pair of spurs, spears, and caves containing clay ovens were discovered there. These groups originated from Paraguay, where they had participated in an uprising against the government. After their failure, they were persecuted and fled to Brazilian territory. There is no evidence of bandeirantes passing through Crissiumal or of Jesuit missions led by religious orders in the area.
The area where Crissiumal is located was one of the last regions in Rio Grande do Sul to be settled by European colonizers. Initially, the area was occupied by indigenous groups. In the end of the late 19th century, efforts to colonize northern and northwestern Rio Grande do Sul gained momentum through the removal of bureaucratic obstacles, and the establishment of legal and logistical incentives. As the lands in the "old colonies" were already occupied, and population growth required new frontiers for settlers' descendants and new immigrants, several colonization projects were implemented in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, facilitating migration to the region. In 1890, the "Ijuí Colony" was founded, composed of newly arrived European immigrants, descendants of old colony settlers, and native peoples. Closer to Crissiumal, settlers established the "Upper Uruguay Military Colony" in 1879, which later, in 1944, became the municipality of Três Passos.
Settlement and occupation of Crissiumal began in the early 1930s with colonists from the municipalities of Estrela, Lajeado, Sobradinho, Venâncio Aires, and Roca Sales in Rio Grande do Sul, and from Laguna, Tubarão, Criciúma, and Urussanga in Santa Catarina. The first European settler to arrive in Crissiumal was Domingos Maccari, a foreman for the firm Dahne, Conceição & Cia., in 1930. He was followed by Domingos Meneghel in 1933, Adolfo Rinaldi, Ivo dos Santos, Albino Löwe, Bernardo Dickel, and Miguel Schutz, some with their families. On January 6, 1936, the first mass was celebrated, and the first chapel was built on January 23 of the same year. The fertility of the land attracted relatives and acquaintances of the pioneers, leading to an influx of new settlers. Roads were carved through the forest, and ox carts and trucks transported the colony's products to larger centers. In the book History of Crissiumal, José Raymundo Pletsch, based on accounts from Adelina Frieda Schütz, described the scene during Crissiumal's early colonization:
At the beginning of settlement (...) there was no school, no doctor, no midwife. (...) Wild animals roamed near homes. It was difficult to sell agricultural products. They could only sell lard and eggs. The supply of basic foodstuffs was also precarious until the opening of the first commercial establishment, owned by Mr. Albino Loew. As the population grew, various professionals gradually settled in the village of Crissiumal.
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Crissiumal
Crissiumal is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, located in the Northwest Rio Grande do Sul mesoregion and the Três Passos Microregion, at a latitude of 27°30'00" south and a longitude of 54°06'03" west, at an altitude of 410 meters. Its estimated population in 2016 was 14,233, covering an area of 363.106 km2. The municipality is traversed by the waters of the Uruguay River. Its main access is via the RS-207 highway, though it is also served by the RS-305.
Crissiumal was originally founded in 1933, with official emancipation occurring in 1954. Its name is believed to originate from criciúma, a plant abundant in the region, which in the Tupi language means a smooth, flexible rod or small bamboo. The service sector currently accounts for 60% of the municipal GDP, serving as the primary source of income.
One of Crissiumal's most prominent and traditional football clubs is the Tupi Futebol Clube, established in May 1949. Crissiumal hosts various events, such as the Feast of Our Lady of Navigators and Expocris, and features several tourist attractions, including the Castle, the Pioneer Monument, and the Church of the Three Holy Martyrs of the Missions. It is known as the Gaucho capital of agro-industries. Crissiumal is the 122nd most populous city in the state and the 2133rd in Brazil.
The city's name derives from a shrub-like plant common in the region, known as criciúma. The word criciúma likely originates from the Tupi language, meaning a smooth, flexible rod or small bamboo. According to the Michaelis Dictionary, it refers to plants of the genera Criciuma or Bambusa, belonging to the grass family. The etymology of the word is unknown, and the correct spelling is "quiriciúma," as, according to Anchieta, there are no consonant clusters in the Tupi language.
The first inhabitants of Crissiumal were the Tupi indigenous groups. These indigenous peoples cultivated maize, cassava, and yam, which they used to produce other foods and low-alcohol beverages. In the 1930s, two indigenous settlements, each with 60 to 70 families, existed in the areas of Bela Vista and Linha Porto Alegre. In the 1970s, artifacts such as two millstones, a pair of spurs, spears, and caves containing clay ovens were discovered there. These groups originated from Paraguay, where they had participated in an uprising against the government. After their failure, they were persecuted and fled to Brazilian territory. There is no evidence of bandeirantes passing through Crissiumal or of Jesuit missions led by religious orders in the area.
The area where Crissiumal is located was one of the last regions in Rio Grande do Sul to be settled by European colonizers. Initially, the area was occupied by indigenous groups. In the end of the late 19th century, efforts to colonize northern and northwestern Rio Grande do Sul gained momentum through the removal of bureaucratic obstacles, and the establishment of legal and logistical incentives. As the lands in the "old colonies" were already occupied, and population growth required new frontiers for settlers' descendants and new immigrants, several colonization projects were implemented in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, facilitating migration to the region. In 1890, the "Ijuí Colony" was founded, composed of newly arrived European immigrants, descendants of old colony settlers, and native peoples. Closer to Crissiumal, settlers established the "Upper Uruguay Military Colony" in 1879, which later, in 1944, became the municipality of Três Passos.
Settlement and occupation of Crissiumal began in the early 1930s with colonists from the municipalities of Estrela, Lajeado, Sobradinho, Venâncio Aires, and Roca Sales in Rio Grande do Sul, and from Laguna, Tubarão, Criciúma, and Urussanga in Santa Catarina. The first European settler to arrive in Crissiumal was Domingos Maccari, a foreman for the firm Dahne, Conceição & Cia., in 1930. He was followed by Domingos Meneghel in 1933, Adolfo Rinaldi, Ivo dos Santos, Albino Löwe, Bernardo Dickel, and Miguel Schutz, some with their families. On January 6, 1936, the first mass was celebrated, and the first chapel was built on January 23 of the same year. The fertility of the land attracted relatives and acquaintances of the pioneers, leading to an influx of new settlers. Roads were carved through the forest, and ox carts and trucks transported the colony's products to larger centers. In the book History of Crissiumal, José Raymundo Pletsch, based on accounts from Adelina Frieda Schütz, described the scene during Crissiumal's early colonization:
At the beginning of settlement (...) there was no school, no doctor, no midwife. (...) Wild animals roamed near homes. It was difficult to sell agricultural products. They could only sell lard and eggs. The supply of basic foodstuffs was also precarious until the opening of the first commercial establishment, owned by Mr. Albino Loew. As the population grew, various professionals gradually settled in the village of Crissiumal.
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