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Cuffley Brook

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Cuffley Brook

Cuffley Brook is a tributary of Turkey Brook. It runs through parts of Hertfordshire and the London Borough of Enfield, England. After the confluence of the two streams in Whitewebbs Park, the watercourse continues eastwards as Turkey Brook to join the River Lea near Enfield Lock.

Cuffley Brook is one of the longest tributaries of the River Lea, snaking for several miles through the south-east Hertfordshire hills. It rises in Northaw Great Wood, north west of Cuffley, and is joined there by Grimes Brook. Northaw Brook and Hempshill Brook join Cuffley Brook south of Cuffley, close to Soper's Viaduct (on the Hertford Loop railway line). The stream then goes under the M25 motorway, passes close to Crews Hill, and enters Whitewebbs Wood. There, it goes under the Flash Lane Aqueduct (on a former course of the New River), before reaching a confluence with Turkey Brook, in the London Borough of Enfield, at the north-west foot of Forty Hill.

The oldest geological formation to outcrop within the Cuffley Brook catchment area is Cretaceous Chalk. This reaches the surface in the floor of the Hempshill Brook valley. The chalk also comes close to the surface in Northaw Great Wood, where swallow holes in overlying sediments near Cuffley Brook indicate that the chalk is not far below.

Overlying the chalk are fairly extensive areas of formations of the Lambeth Group, notably of the Reading Formation, which consists mostly of silty clay and sand. But samples of the distinctive "Hertfordshire Puddingstone" have also been found in Northaw Great Wood.

Overlying the above formations is Eocene London Clay, which is the main geological formation in the Cuffley Brook catchment area.

An early Pleistocene fluvial deposit known generally as "Pebble Gravel" covers an extensive area on higher parts of the catchment area - for example, around Northaw and Newgate Street.

A little lower than the Pebble Gravel, but still mostly on interfluves (for example, near Crews Hill), is another pre-glacial formation of fluvial origin known as "Dollis Hill Gravel".

Overlying some of the Pebble Gravel and Dollis Hill Gravel are notable deposits of glacial till, especially in the eastern and northern upper parts of the catchment area (for example around Goffs Oak and Epping Green).

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