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Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)

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Daredevil (Marvel Comics series)

Daredevil is the name of several comic book titles featuring the superhero Daredevil, the vigilante secret identity of blind attorney Matt Murdock, who gains superhuman senses as a result of an accident involving radioactive material. All of the volumes are published by Marvel Comics, beginning with the original Daredevil comic book series which debuted in 1964. The first volume was the longest in duration, lasting until 1998. In the 1960s, the series was written by Stan Lee and first drawn by Bill Everett with some assistance from Jack Kirby. Daredevil is usually based in Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan. Karen Page was Daredevil's primary love interest throughout this first series, with many ups and downs. Foggy Nelson appears as a recurring character throughout all the Daredevil series, as Matt Murdock's close friend and partner in law.

Wally Wood introduced the character's standard red costume, and was succeeded by John Romita Sr. and then Gene Colan as artist. Lee wrote the stories until 1969. Roy Thomas wrote the title from 1969 to 1971. In the 1970s, it was written by Gerry Conway, among others. In this period, Daredevil temporarily teamed with Black Widow in San Francisco. In 1972, Steve Gerber became the primary artist for the series. A number of different writers worked on the title, including Marv Wolfman, who introduced Daredevil's archenemy Bullseye. In the late 1970s Roger McKenzie wrote the series and brought an influence from horror comics.

Frank Miller's influential tenure on the title in the early 1980s, drawing inspiration from crime comics, established the prominence and originality of the title. In this period, Daredevil was one of the best-selling American comic books. He introduced influences from film noir and ninja films, and created the character Elektra, Daredevil's troubled ex-girlfriend, and an army of evil ninjas, the Hand. Miller emphasized Bullseye and Kingpin as Daredevil's primary antagonists, and also introduced the Punisher to the series. The issue that concluded in Elektra's shocking, violent death was a particularly striking event in comics of the decade. After a brief tenure by Dennis O'Neil, Miller returned to the series to write the acclaimed Born Again storyline, in which Page has become a heroin addict and sells Matt Murdock's secret identity to his enemies. Ann Nocenti, his successor, focused more on themes from left-wing politics, and created the villain Typhoid Mary. Miller also wrote the Daredevil: The Man Without Fear miniseries in the early 1990s, which delved into the backstory of the title character and his early relationship with Elektra. John Romita Jr. collaborated with both Miller and Nocenti. Also in the 1990s, writer D.G. Chichester in collaboration with Scott McDaniel changed the title character's costume and emulated the tumultuous, sensationalistic style of the comics of the period. Chichester also re-introduced Elektra to the series, resurrected from the dead.

Later in the decade, Joe Quesada began volume 2 of the series, which lasted from 1998 to 2011. This new series, first edited under the Marvel Knights imprint, restored the popularity of the title. Popular film director Kevin Smith also wrote a pivotal arc, in which Karen Page was killed by Bullseye. Subsequently, Brian Michael Bendis and Alex Maleev collaborated on a critically acclaimed arc. In the 21st century, Ed Brubaker then wrote a storyline that was similarly acclaimed. Both Bendis and Brubaker focused on the darker aspects of the character. Mark Waid, who wrote a third and fourth volume, took a somewhat lighter approach and focused on the character's unusual powers. Charles Soule wrote a fifth volume.

Daredevil is a critically acclaimed series, and has won a number of Eisner Awards.

Martin Goodman, the publisher of Marvel Comics, was impressed by the popularity of Spider-Man and asked Stan Lee to create a similar character based on the original Daredevil, a superhero of the 1940s. Lee initially requested assistance from Steve Ditko, the co-creator of Spider-Man, but he declined the assignment. Lee then sought the creative input of Bill Everett, who had previously created Namor, and Jack Kirby, the co-creator of the Fantastic Four, the Avengers, and other well-known superheroes. Kirby and Everett co-designed Daredevil's original costume. Lee and Kirby have each claimed credit for Daredevil's billy club, which he uses to swing from buildings. Paul Young indicates that the basic concept of the character as a heroic blind vigilante is probably inspired by the symbol and motif of blind justice. Timothy D. Peters, a legal scholar, has also drawn attention to the recurring visual analogy with Lady Justice, the classical figure for the legal system. The character was generally considered second-string in Marvel's pantheon of heroes, and had low commercial viability for the first decade and a half of his existence, prior to Frank Miller's re-invention.

The series began with Marvel Comics' Daredevil #1 (cover date April 1964), written by Stan Lee and drawn by Bill Everett. The cover of the first issue was based on Jack Kirby's original concept sketch, but inked by Everett. Everett penciled the contents of the issue. When Everett turned in his first-issue pencils extremely late, Marvel production manager Sol Brodsky and Spider-Man co-creator Steve Ditko inked a large variety of different backgrounds, a "lot of backgrounds and secondary figures on the fly and cobbled the cover and the splash page together from Kirby's original concept drawing". The first issue covered both the character's origins and his desire to enact justice on the man who had killed his father, boxer "Battling Jack" Murdock, who raised young Matthew Murdock in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. Jack instills in Matt the importance of education and nonviolence with the aim of seeing his son become a better man than himself. In the course of saving a blind man from the path of an oncoming truck, Matt is blinded by a radioactive substance that falls from the vehicle. The radioactive exposure heightens his remaining senses beyond normal human limits, and gives him a kind of "radar" sense, enabling him to detect the shape and location of objects around him. To support his son, Jack Murdock returns to boxing under the Fixer, a known gangster, and the only man willing to contract the aging boxer. When he refuses to throw a fight because his son is in the audience, he is killed by one of the Fixer's men. Having promised his father not to use violence to deal with his problems, Matt adopts a new identity who can use physical force. Adorned in a yellow and black costume made from his father's boxing robes and using his superhuman abilities, Matt confronts the killers as the superhero Daredevil, unintentionally causing the Fixer to have a fatal heart attack.

Wally Wood introduced Daredevil's standard red costume in issue #7, which depicts Daredevil's battle against the far more powerful Sub-Mariner, and has become a classic story of the early series. Wood also redesigned Daredevil's costume to include communications equipment; in his depiction, the mask contains a complex radio receiver, and his horns are both antennae to pick up radio signals and amplifiers of his own super-sensory radar blips. However, these concepts would be dropped.

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