Dark Mofo

Dark Mofo is an annual mid-winter arts and culture festival held by the Museum of Old and New Art (MONA) in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Launched in 2013 as the winter counterpart of the summer MONA FOMA festival, Dark Mofo events take place at night and celebrate the darkness of the southern winter solstice, featuring many musical acts, large scale light installations and a winter feast.

Dark Mofo was launched in 2013 by a partnership of MONA owner David Walsh, creative director Leigh Carmichael and musician Brian Ritchie. Carmichael stated that Dark Mofo was conceived as a "marketing exercise" to build MONA visitation during winter months. The festival was supported by the Tasmanian Government, who initially provided $3 million to support the festival over three years. The inaugural festival, held in June 2013, featured Ryoji Ikeda's 15-kilometre-high light installation spectra, now a permanent fixture at MONA. The first year also introduced the now annual nude solstice swim that sees over one thousand people dunk in the River Derwent at dawn on the shortest day of the year. Initially the nude swim was banned by police. However, with the support of politicians and the general public, the event proceeded and Hobart's mayor Damon Thomas took part.

In March 2020, the organisers of Dark Mofo delayed the festival program to 2021 due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, with Walsh citing the "uncertainty" of the pandemic and Carmichael noting the need to "act decisively to ensure Dark Mofo's long-term survival". The organisers estimated had the event met a last-minute cancellation, the fiscal impact would be $10 million, with most of the costs absorbed by Walsh as the financier, and would have led to the permanent closure of the festival.

The 2021 festival, planned to occur over a compressed one-week period to account for interstate border closures, faced fiscal, organisational and cultural issues. The decision to compress the festival was due to financial constraints from reduced state government and council funding. Financial issues were exacerbated by the decision to limit sponsorship for the event, justified due to its "detrimental effect" on artistic integrity. Following the festival, the Tasmanian Government committed to a further three-year funding arrangement valued at $7.5 million.

In March 2021, organisers faced criticism from Indigenous artists and cultural institutions for inviting First Nations people to participate in the commissioned work Union Flag by Santiago Sierra by donating their blood. The controversy prompted the organisers to apologise and commit to the appointment of a First Nations cultural advisor to develop a cultural advisory group, $60,000 in seed funding to develop works by local Indigenous artists, and improved programming for Indigenous performers. The festival was launched to an opening ceremony organised by the Palawa/Pakana community, including a welcome to country, smoking ceremony and 'Reclamation Walk' through the Hobart CBD. Works included Rainbow Dream Moon Rainbow, a rainbow-themed installation by Japanese-born artist Hiromi Tango.

In 2022, the festival returned to a two-week format. Following the Union Flag controversy of the previous year, the organizers adopted "safer" programming, with Carmichael describing the decision to "pull back (to) give everyone a chance to breathe". The changing tone of the festival was observed by media, with Broadsheet noting "controversy was in short supply", and The Guardian observing the and the program was "less risky" and the events "thinner on the ground". The festival encountered several disruptions, including the withdrawal of scheduled artists such as Deafheaven and Lingua Ignota due to COVID-19, and the cancellation of several events due to the demolition, development, or use of former venues.

In late 2022, Carmichael announced his decision to end his tenure as the creative director of Dark Mofo after 2023, with Sydney Festival and Falls Festival curator Chris Twite appointed as the event's successor. Carmichael cited the need for "new energy and new ideas to move the festival forward", whilst retaining his role as the director of the event's creative agency DarkLab, which managed other cultural projects in Tasmania. Carmichael expressed fatigue with engaging with controversial works, and committed to "giving Chris the space he needs to take (the event) forward in the way he chooses".

The 2023 festival of Dark Mofo was a success, with a record 427,000 total entries to festival events, a 60% increase from the previous year, and a revenue of $5.5 million. Key performances included a live performance of Sleep by British composer Max Richter and the American Contemporary Music Ensemble, in which over 200 attendees slept in cots overnight at the venue. A Divine Comedy by performance artist Florentina Holzinger featured transgressive acts performed by a nude all-female cast of 20, including "masturbation, squirting ejaculation, blood donation (and) synchronised defecation". Trance, led by Chen Tianzhuo, was a "durational performance" held over eighteen two-hour installments across three days, featuring an open-ended a mixture of physical theatre, live performance and rave. The 2023 edition of Dark Mofo attracted 45,000 interstate visitors, sold more than 100,000 tickets and generated more than $5.5 million for the Tasmanian economy.