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David Millar
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David Millar
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David Millar (born 4 January 1977[2][3][4]) is a Scottish retired professional road racing cyclist.[5] He rode for Cofidis from 1997 to 2004 and Garmin–Sharp from 2008 to 2014. He has won four stages of the Tour de France, five of the Vuelta a España and one stage of the Giro d'Italia. He was the British national road champion[6] and the national time trial champion,[7] both in 2007.

Key Information

Millar was banned for two years in 2004 after he admitted to taking banned performance-enhancing drugs.[8][9] Upon his return from his ban, Millar became an anti-doping campaigner, a stance which eventually resulted in journalist Alasdair Fotheringham describing him as an 'elder statesman' of cycling.[10]

Early life and education

[edit]

Millar is the son of Gordon and Avril Millar, both Scots. His father was a pilot in the Royal Air Force and Millar was born in Mtarfa, Malta, while his father was based there for a three-year tour of duty. His mother worked as a teacher.[11] He has a sister, Frances (Fran) who also works in cycling, currently as the chief executive officer of Team Ineos.[12] The family returned to the United Kingdom, and lived at RAF Kinloss in Scotland before moving to Aylesbury, 60 km north-west of London. His father and mother divorced when Millar was 11 and his father moved to Hong Kong, when he joined the airline Cathay Pacific, which is based there. Millar considers Hong Kong as his home.[13] Millar moved to Hong Kong to join his father when he was 13. He rode in BMX bike races in Hong Kong "and did pretty well."[14] He bought a road bike in 1992 and raced at 6.30 in the morning before the roads began filling with traffic.

At King George V School he chose mathematics, economics and geography as his A-level, pre-university, examination subjects, then switched to art, graphics and sports studies at his father's suggestion. He completed his A-levels and, having moved back to England to be with his mother in Maidenhead, enrolled at an arts college. He started cycling with a club in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. His mother, Avril, took him there so that he would make new friends[15] and have something to do.[14] At age 18, a week before he was due to start at the arts college, he went to race in France. He joined a club at St-Quentin, in the Picardy region, and won eight races.[16] Five professional teams[a] offered him a contract. He signed with Cyrille Guimard because his team, Cofidis, was based in the area[16] and he knew of Guimard's skill in recognising young talent.[14]

Early career

[edit]

2000–2003: early years

[edit]

In his first professional season, Millar won the prologue of the Tour de l'Avenir and the competition for the best young rider in the Mi-Août Breton. He profited from his background in 10-mile time-trials in Britain to win the first stage of the 2000 Tour de France,[17] a 16 km time-trial at Futuroscope. He held the yellow jersey as leader of the general classification for a few days. He failed to repeat his feat at Dunkirk in 2001 after puncturing in a bend and crashing. He finished fifth in the prologue in 2002 on a rolling course at Luxembourg. His attempt to win the prologue in central Paris in the centenary Tour of 2003 ended when his chain dropped off 500 m before the finish. He lost by 0.14 s to Brad McGee. Millar had ridden a bike without a front derailleur to save weight.[b] He blamed his directeur sportif, Alain Bondue. "It wasn't a problem with my chainring; it was a problem with my team", he told journalists at the finish. He said Bondue had tried to save a few grams by removing the derailleur. Bondue said he had told Millar to use a front derailleur after other riders had similar problems.[18][19] Bondue was demoted to logistics manager.[19]

Millar at the 2002 Tour de France

Hopes of winning the Tour de France were fuelled by his stage win in the 2001 Vuelta a España, when he was in a breakaway with Santiago Botero on a mountain stage. Millar won a gold medal for Malta in the 2001 Games of the Small States of Europe,[20] held in San Marino. Millar was selected for the Scotland team for the 2002 Commonwealth Games, but withdrew to compete for Cofidis instead.[21]

In the 2002 Vuelta a España, stage 15 included the ascent of the Alto de l'Angliru in rain. Team cars stalled on the steepest part, some unable to restart because their tires slipped on messages painted by fans.[22] Riders were caught behind them and others had to ride with flat tires because mechanics could not reach them. Millar crashed three times,[23] and protested by handing in his race number a metre from the line, effectively abandoning from the race. The judges ruled he had not finished the stage and he was not reinstated, having already left for his home in Biarritz.[24][25] He regretted his temper—he had been ninth—and later apologised to his team.[22]

Doping

[edit]

Millar was dining in a restaurant with Dave Brailsford[26] in Bidart, near Biarritz, on 23 June 2004 when he was approached by three plainclothes policemen of the Paris drug squad at 8.25pm.[15][27] They detained Millar and took his watch, shoelaces, jewellery, keys and phone.[28] After searching his home for two and a half hours they found empty phials of Eprex, a brand of the blood-boosting drug erythropoietin (EPO), and two used syringes.[15][c] Millar claimed he had been given them as a gift at the Tour of Spain, and that he had taken them to Manchester and used them there. After that he had kept them as a souvenir. The detectives took Millar into custody.[28]

The raid followed the arrest at the start of 2004 of Bogdan Madejak, a Cofidis soigneur.[29] Police, looking to find out more about the drugs found on Madejak, turned their attention to another rider on the team, Philippe Gaumont, as he arrived at Orly airport on 20 January 2004.[16][29] On 22 January 2004 the magazine, Le Point, published transcripts of police phone taps.[29]

Gaumont said he had given Millar the drugs and syringes the day before the Tour finished on the Champs-Élysées in 2003, when Millar won the time-trial. Gaumont said he didn't know what was in the syringe but that "ça m'avait bloqué (that blocked me; i.e. kept me from going well)." Millar denied the claim to the investigating judge, and said that team doctor Menuet was the best person he had ever met and that he was "like a father to me at races."[16] He denied Gaumont's claims that Millar had taken drugs by mixing Stilnox, a sleeping powder, with ephedrine, a stimulant.[16] He called Gaumont a lunatic and said he was talking "absolute crap."[30] But Millar's phone calls had been tapped for four months[16] and Millar eventually confessed to police on 24 June 2004.[31]

Millar admitted using EPO in 2001 and 2003. He blamed it on stress, in particular losing the prologue in the 2003 Tour and being beaten by Jan Ullrich in the 2001 world time trial championship. Under cycling rules a confession equates to a positive test.[31][32]

British Cycling suspended him for two years in August 2004. He was disqualified as 2003 world time trial champion, fined CHF2,000 (approx. €1250), and disqualified from the 2003 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré and 2001 Vuelta a España.[33] Cofidis fired Millar and withdrew from racing while it carried out an internal investigation. Several Cofidis riders and assistants were fired. Alain Bondue, the team's director, and Menuet, the doctor, left the team.[30] Vasseur was forbidden to start the 2004 Tour de France but later cleared.[34]

Millar failed in an appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport to reduce his ban, but the court did backdate his suspension to the day he confessed, 24 June 2004.[35][36]

Millar was prosecuted in a French court in Nanterre in 2006 with nine other defendants, mostly from Cofidis. The court decided it was not clear he had taken drugs in France and that charges could not be pursued.[37] The doctor he had consulted lived in Spain, south of Biarritz and across the Pyrenees. Millar's statement to the judge stated that he had succumbed to the pressure of racing, the expectations placed on him by British fans, and an inability to make close friends. Winning the prologue of the Tour de France made things worse; he had worn the maillot jaune of leadership – his "dream", he said – and when it was all over he was back in his apartment with no friends and just a television for company.[16]

Millar has claimed that doping gained him 25 seconds in the 2003 world time-trial championship.[38] He toasted his championship in the Bellagio Casino in Las Vegas.[39] But the suspension cost Millar his job, his income and his house. Millar then began abusing alcohol for much of a year.[8][39] He said he had scraped by with the help of family and friends.[citation needed]

Later career

[edit]

2005–2007: post-suspension

[edit]
Millar at the 2007 Tour de France

Millar moved to Hayfield, on the edge of the Peak District of northern England,[38][39] to be close to the Manchester Velodrome where British cycling has its headquarters. He joined a Spanish team, Saunier Duval–Prodir. Its manager, Mauro Gianetti, had contacted him nine months into his suspension.[39]

Millar's suspension ended a week before the 2006 Tour de France and he rode with Saunier Duval–Prodir. He finished 17th in the prologue and 11th on the penultimate, time-trial stage. He finished 59th of 139 finishers, more than 2 hours behind the winner, Óscar Pereiro.[d] In the 2006 Vuelta a España, Millar won in stage 14, a time trial around the city of Cuenca. On 3 October, he won the British 4,000m individual pursuit championship in 4m 22.32s at Manchester.

He left Saunier Duval–Prodir[e] to join an American team, Slipstream–Chipotle[40][41][42] run by Jonathan Vaughters, a former rider. Vaughters stressed the team's stance against doping.[43][44] In the 2007 season, Millar won both the British road and time trial championships and came second in the Eneco Tour, 11 seconds behind José Iván Gutiérrez. His other victory of the year came in the Paris–Nice, during which he won the prologue.[45]

2008–2014: career with Garmin

[edit]
Millar at the 2008 Giro d'Italia

For the start of the 2008 season, Slipstream became known as Garmin Slipstream, and Millar took on part ownership of the team, in order to foster their anti-doping stance.[46] He helped orchestrate Slipstream–Chipotle's victory in the Giro d'Italia opening team time trial. Millar was part of a five-man winning break on stage five of the 2008 Giro d'Italia when his chain broke in the last kilometre[citation needed] and he flung his bike to the roadside.

In the 2008 Tour de France, Millar came third in the time trial on stage four, 18 seconds behind the winner. Overall he finished 68th, 1h 59m 39s behind Carlos Sastre[citation needed]. His best results of the season came in the 2008 Tour of California in which he finished second overall.[47]

Millar rode the 2009 Giro d'Italia and then the 2009 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré, finishing ninth overall. He competed in both the Tour de France and the Vuelta a España. His best performance in a stage was winning the stage 20 time trial at the Vuelta. The race was Millar's first win for two years, and his fifth at the Vuelta.[48]

Elite Men's Time trial medallists: Millar, Fabian Cancellara and Tony Martin

2010 saw Millar continue his strong time-trial form, with stage wins at the Critérium International and the Three Days of De Panne. De Panne also saw Millar gain his first multi-stage race victory since the 2001 Circuit de la Sarthe. Millar had a number of high placings in major time trials earlier in the season – he finished third in the prologue of the 2010 Tour de France and second in stage three of the Critérium du Dauphiné.[citation needed] An injury in the Tour de France hampered the rest of his season, though he finished all three grand tours. Millar then matched his best clean[clarification needed] placing at the Men's World Time-Trial Championships, finishing second behind Fabian Cancellara. Shortly after, at the Commonwealth Games, he won a gold medal in the time trial[49] and a bronze in the road race.[50]

Millar (centre) wearing the Maglia rosa at the 2011 Giro d'Italia

2011 saw Millar suffer from illness [clarification needed] early in the season,[51] missing many of the classics. His best performance was a 3rd-place finish in the overall of the Circuit de la Sarthe.[52] He recovered in time for the Giro d'Italia, finishing second on stage 3 to take the pink jersey as leader of the general classification.[53] Millar's lead, however, was overshadowed by the death of Wouter Weylandt in the Giro on the same day; in the role of race leader, Millar helped organise the tributes to Weylandt's during the subsequent day's neutralised stage.[54]

He later won the time-trial stage 21 of the Giro, meaning that he became only the third British rider – after Robert Millar and Mark Cavendish – to achieve victories in all three Grand Tours during his career. In June he published his autobiography titled Racing Through the Dark, which Richard Williams in The Guardian wrote was "one of the great first-person accounts of sporting experience".[55] Millar was team captain of the Great Britain team that helped Cavendish win the 2011 UCI World Championships road race.[56][57]

Millar on the front of the peloton during the 2012 Olympic Road Race

Millar fractured his collarbone in a crash in the 2012 E3 Harelbeke one-day race in Belgium on 23 March.[58] He returned to competition at the Tour of Bavaria and the Critérium du Dauphiné, where his best result was a 9th place on stage 4. Despite his injuries earlier in the season, Millar was selected to ride his 11th Tour de France.[59] He won stage 12 by escaping with four other riders, arriving five kilometres (3.1 mi) from the finish line in Annonay–Davézieux with more than ten minutes of an advantage over the bunch. He took the win after much cat-and-mouse-play with Jean-Christophe Péraud of Ag2r–La Mondiale.[60] He was the fourth British rider to win a stage in a tour, as Bradley Wiggins became the second British rider to win the event (Nicole Cooke won the women's Tour in 2006). Millar was selected to race on the British Road Race Team for the London Olympics.[61] He reprised his role of team captain from the 2011 World Championships, again aiming to steer Mark Cavendish to victory. Millar and GB teammates Bradley Wiggins, Ian Stannard and Chris Froome were forced[citation needed] to set the tempo for the majority of the race, with little help from the other nations[citation needed], and were eventually unable to reel back a thirty-man breakaway that had gone clear on the final climb of the Box Hill circuit, leaving Cavendish to come in forty seconds behind the winner, Alexander Vinokourov.[62]

Millar was not selected to make the 2014 Tour de France team, a decision that left him 'devastated and shocked'.[63] Millar retired from professional cycling after the 2014 season[64] with his last competitive start being at the Bec CC Hill Climb in October.[65] The final year of Millar's career was captured by documentary maker Finlay Pretsell for the film Time Trial. Intended as an insight into the world of professional cycling, the film took on themes of aging and retirement as it traced Millar's growing realisation that he was unable to perform at his previous levels.[66][67] Time Trial was released to cinemas in the UK on 29 June 2018.[68]

Post-racing career

[edit]

In March 2015 Millar revealed he was coaching former teammate Ryder Hesjedal,[69] and he has taken a mentoring role with the Great Britain under-23 cycling squad.[70] He represented the professional cyclists' body Cyclistes Professionnels Associes (CPA) on the UCI's working group to establish an Extreme Weather Protocol to provide clear guidance on procedures in the event of severe weather affecting a race; the protocol was first used at the 2016 Paris–Nice.[70] In 2018, he announced that he would challenge incumbent CPA president Gianni Bugno for the leadership of the organisation, running on a manifesto which advocated democratic reforms to the union's voting system, a financial audit of its finances, and improving communication with riders.[71] This was the first contested election in the CPA's history: Millar was defeated by Bugno, winning 96 votes to the latter's 379.[72]

Millar launched his 'Chpt3' brand in 2015, collaborating with various partners to produce a range of cycling-related products, including bikes and clothing.[70][73] He works as a cycling journalist and pundit, and since 2016 has been the co-commentator on ITV's coverage of the Tour de France and Vuelta a España.[74] Millar also co-hosts Never Strays Far, a "cycling-adjacent" podcast, with fellow ITV commentator Ned Boulting and former pro Peter Kennaugh.

In 2025, Millar was appointed brand director of Factor Bikes.[75]

Personal life

[edit]

On 9 September 2011, Millar's wife, Nicole, gave birth to their son, Archibald Millar,[76][77] their second son, Harvey Millar, was born on 2 May 2013.[78] Their daughter Maxine Millar was born on 31 December 2015.

In 2013, while giving consultation to the production of the film The Program, Millar hit his head on a low-hanging beam while walking through a hotel. The accident left him without a sense of smell.[79]

Millar's sister, Fran, was appointed CEO of the cycling team Team Ineos in June 2019.[80]

He is not related to Robert Millar, now living as Philippa York, a fellow road cyclist from the west of Scotland whose main success came in the mid-1980s.[81]

Major results

[edit]

Sources:[82][83][84]

1994
2nd Overall Junior Tour of Wales
1996
2nd Paris–Évreux
1997
1st Prologue Tour de l'Avenir
1998
Tour de l'Avenir
1st Prologue & 6 (ITT)
1st Stage 3b (ITT) Three Days of De Panne
2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
2nd Overall Tour du Poitou-Charentes
1999
1st Manx International
2nd Time trial, National Road Championships
2nd Overall Critérium International
3rd Tour de Vendée
3rd Gran Premio di Chiasso
4th Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
1st Mountains classification
4th Overall Étoile de Bessèges
2000
Tour de France
1st Stage 1 (ITT)
Held after Stages 1–3
Held after Stage 1
Held after Stages 1–3
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
4th Overall Circuit de la Sarthe
1st Young rider classification
9th Overall Route du Sud
1st Stage 1b (ITT)
2001
1st Overall Circuit de la Sarthe
1st Young rider classification
1st Stages 4 (ITT) & 5
1st Overall Danmark Rundt
1st Young rider classification
1st Stage 4 (ITT)
Vuelta a España
1st Stages 1 (ITT) & 6
Held after Stages 1–3
1st Stage 4b (ITT) Euskal Bizikleta
1st Time trial, Games of the Small States of Europe
2nd Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
2nd Paris–Camembert
3rd Overall Tour de Wallonie
4th Overall Tour de Picardie
7th Overall Four Days of Dunkirk
2002
1st Stage 13 Tour de France
2nd Overall Clásica Internacional de Alcobendas
6th Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
10th Milano–Torino
2003
Voided results
1st Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
1st Stage 19 (ITT) Tour de France[f][85]
1st Overall Tour de Picardie
1st Stage 17 Vuelta a España
1st Prologue Driedaagse van West-Vlaanderen
1st Stage 4 (ITT) Vuelta a Burgos
3rd Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
3rd Classique des Alpes
4th Overall Volta a la Comunitat Valenciana
2006
1st Individual pursuit, National Track Championships
1st Stage 14 (ITT) Vuelta a España
2007
National Road Championships
1st Road race
1st Time trial
1st Prologue Paris–Nice
2nd Overall Eneco Tour
Tour de France
Held after Stages 1–2
2008
1st Stage 1 (TTT) Giro d'Italia
2nd Overall Tour of California
3rd Time trial, National Road Championships
9th Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
2009
1st Stage 20 (ITT) Vuelta a España
9th Overall Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
10th Overall Volta ao Algarve
Combativity award Stage 6 Tour de France
2010
Commonwealth Games
1st Time trial
3rd Road race
1st Overall Three Days of De Panne
1st Stage 3b (ITT)
1st Chrono des Nations
2nd Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
5th Overall Critérium International
1st Stage 3 (ITT)
2011
Giro d'Italia
1st Stage 21 (ITT)
Held after Stage 2
1st Stage 2 (TTT) Tour de France
2nd Overall Tour of Beijing
3rd Overall Circuit de la Sarthe
3rd Overall Eneco Tour
5th Chrono des Nations
7th Time trial, UCI Road World Championships
10th Overall Tour de Romandie
2012
1st Stage 12 Tour de France
5th Chrono des Nations
2013
3rd Road race, National Road Championships
2014
8th Time trial, Commonwealth Games

Grand Tour general classification results timeline

[edit]
Grand Tour 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Pink jersey Giro d'Italia — — — — — — — — 94 DNF DNF 99 — DNF —
Yellow jersey Tour de France 62 DNF 68 55 — — 56 68 67 82 157 76 106 113 —
golden jersey Vuelta a España — 41 DNF 103 — — 64 — — 80 108 — — — 144

Major championship results timeline

[edit]
Event 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Olympic Games Time trial Not held 16 Not held — Not held — Not held — Not held
Road race — — — 108
World Championships Time trial 20 — — — 2 6 1 — — 15 18 9 — 2 7 — — —
Road race — — — — DNF DNF 86 — — 35 54 DNF DNF DNF 114 — — DNF
Commonwealth Games Time trial NH — Not held — Not held — Not held 1 Not held 8
Road race — — — 3 11
National Championships Time trial — 2 2 — — — — — — — 1 3 — — — — — —
Road race — — — 3 — — — — — — 1 25 — — — — 3 DNF
Legend
— Did not compete
DNF Did not finish

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

References

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

David Millar

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia
David Millar is a retired Scottish professional cyclist, renowned for his prowess and as the only British rider to have worn all four leaders' jerseys in the , as well as the leader's jersey in all three Grand Tours. Born on 4 January 1977 in to British parents, he grew up in and , purchasing his first road bike at age 15 before moving at 18 to pursue racing, turning professional with Cofidis in 1997. Millar's early career marked him as a rising star, with victories including the prologue of the 2000 Tour de France—his first of four stage wins in the race—and stages in the Vuelta a España and Giro d'Italia, alongside national championships in road race, time trial, and pursuit disciplines. He also served as captain for British teams at world championships and the Olympics, wearing the yellow jersey as one of several British riders to do so in the Tour. However, in 2004, following a police raid that uncovered EPO syringes, Millar admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs, resulting in a two-year ban, the forfeiture of his 2003 world time trial title, and the end of his Cofidis contract; he described the incident as a turning point amid cycling's pervasive doping culture. Returning in 2008 with the Garmin–Sharp team (of which he became a part-owner), Millar competed cleanly for the remainder of his career, securing an additional Tour stage victory in 2012, and contributing to team successes like the 2011 Vuelta team time trial win. He retired at the end of the 2014 season, having raced for 14 professional years interrupted by his ban, and transitioned into anti-doping advocacy, who has served on the World Anti-Doping Agency's athletes' committee and mentoring young riders through on the risks of drug use. In 2025, he joined Factor Bikes as Brand Director. Post-retirement, Millar has worked as a television commentator for ITV and the , covering major races like the , and founded CHPT3, a premium apparel brand emphasizing style and sustainability. He resides in , , with his wife and children, and has authored autobiographies including Racing Through the Dark (2011), which details his journey from prodigy to redemption, and The Racer (2015), offering insights into professional life.

Early life

Childhood and family

David Millar was born on 4 January 1977 in , to Scottish parents Gordon and Avril Millar, while his father served as a pilot in the Royal Air Force. The family returned to shortly after his birth, settling in , , where Millar spent his early childhood. Due to his father's military career, the family led a nomadic lifestyle, later moving to and then, following his parents' divorce when he was 11, to at age 13 to join his father, who had relocated there as an airline pilot; he spent school holidays with his mother in , . This peripatetic upbringing exposed Millar to diverse cultures across and , shaping a childhood marked by frequent relocations and adaptation to new environments. His father's profession as an RAF pilot emphasized and resilience, qualities that influenced Millar's approach to challenges in his youth. Avril Millar played a key role in maintaining family stability amid these changes, including encouraging her son's involvement in activities to build social connections. As a child of the , Millar developed an early interest in outdoor sports, initially gravitating toward and during his time in various locations. Around age 12, he was introduced to through local enthusiasts, though it was not until age 15 in that he acquired his first road bike.

Education and entry into cycling

Millar spent much of his childhood moving due to his father's in the Royal Air Force, living in , , and before relocating to at age 13 to join his father. There, from ages 13 to 16, he attended King George V School, an international institution in , where he first developed an interest in professional by following race coverage in the during library visits. His early experiences riding in involved navigating chaotic urban traffic in areas like , which he later credited with building his survival instincts for racing, and participating in events in the under the guidance of local shop owner Mr. Lee at Flying Ball Bicycle. At age 16, Millar returned to to live with his mother in , completing his secondary education and A-levels at . Although accepted to art college—a path aligned with his creative interests—he shifted focus to the sport, joining the Cycling Club to train and compete. He quickly showed promise in British junior events, particularly excelling in 10-mile time trials during school holidays, where he won multiple competitions and recognized his natural aptitude for the discipline. Determined to advance, Millar moved at age 18, forgoing to immerse himself in Europe's competitive scene, with his family's support enabling the transition. Settling in the region, he joined the VC St-Quentin amateur club, racing in local pelotons and securing eight victories in his debut season, which honed his skills against more experienced riders and paved the way for his professional aspirations.

Early professional career

Cofidis years and debut (1997–1999)

David Millar signed his first professional contract as a neo-pro with the French team Cofidis in 1997 at the age of 20, marking his transition from amateur racing in to the professional . Based in , Millar faced the challenges of adapting to life in a new country, including overcoming language barriers as he immersed himself in the French-speaking cycling environment after moving there at 18 to pursue his amateur career. His professional debut came in the 1997 , where he secured the victory and claimed the young riders' classification, signaling his potential as a specialist early in his pro tenure. In 1998, Millar achieved his first professional victory by winning the stage (stage 3b) at the Driedaagse De Panne-Koksijde, while also finishing second overall in the , including a stage win there that highlighted his growing prowess in multi-day races. These results came amid efforts to build fitness within the demanding Cofidis structure under manager Alain Bondue, where team dynamics emphasized rigorous training but offered limited immediate opportunities for major breakthroughs. The year 1999 brought further modest successes, including an overall victory at the Manx International and second place in the British national time trial championship, reinforcing his reputation as one of Britain's emerging talents despite ongoing adjustments to professional demands like intense travel and cultural integration. Throughout these early years, Millar focused on developing endurance and tactical skills in the pro , often navigating the hierarchical team environment at Cofidis without yet achieving podium finishes in top-tier events.

Breakthrough and major wins (2000–2003)

Millar's breakthrough came in 2000 with his debut at the , where he won the opening 16 km prologue at , securing the yellow jersey for three days. He finished the race in 62nd place overall. In 2001, off the back of this performance, he also captured the British national road race championship in , marking his first national title in the discipline. Later that year, riding for Cofidis, he claimed the and stage 6 of the , demonstrating his emerging prowess as a specialist. These results elevated his status within Cofidis, where he began transitioning from a supporting role to the team's primary leader for major races. The following year, , saw Millar notch his second stage win on the rolling 171 km stage 13 from Lavelanet to , outsprinting a breakaway group that included David Etxebarria and Michael Boogerd to highlight his sprinting capabilities alongside his time trialing strength. He placed second overall in the Clásica de and finished fifth in the Paris-Nice , further solidifying his reputation as a versatile capable of contending in week-long stage races. As Cofidis's designated leader, Millar drew increasing media attention as the leading British star in professional , with his charismatic presence amplifying interest in the back home. By , Millar had fully established himself as one of the peloton's top time trialists, winning the 49 km on stage 19 of the from to ahead of rivals like and . These achievements underscored his evolution into a dual-threat rider proficient in both solitary time trials and bunch finishes, while his leadership role at Cofidis positioned him as a key figure in the team's Grand Tour strategies.

Doping involvement and suspension

Use of performance-enhancing drugs

Millar began using performance-enhancing drugs in 2001, after initially competing clean in his early professional years with the Cofidis team. Under intense pressure from teammates to match their performances and maintain the team's competitiveness, he was introduced to (EPO) by team management and riders. The primary method involved subcutaneous EPO injections, which Millar learned to self-administer, often justified within the team as essential for survival in an era where doping was pervasive among rivals. By , his usage escalated to include testosterone and , sourced discreetly to evade detection. These practices were concealed from Cofidis management but were widespread among riders, reflecting a normalized culture of enhancement within the . The psychological toll was profound; Millar experienced mounting guilt and , constantly fearing exposure while rationalizing his actions as necessary to avoid being outpaced in a doping-saturated environment. This internal conflict eroded his sense of , transforming what began as reluctant participation into a cycle of dependency amid the sport's "white noise" of normalized use.

Investigation, confession, and ban (2004)

On June 23, 2004, during the , French police approached David Millar while he was dining in a in Bidart near , , as part of an ongoing investigation into doping within his Cofidis team. He was taken into custody and questioned for nearly 48 hours, during which authorities searched his nearby accommodation, seizing two used syringes labeled Eprex 4000 (containing traces of , or EPO) along with related documents. Under interrogation by Judge Richard Pallain, Millar confessed to using EPO on multiple occasions, specifically in 2001 and twice in 2003, admitting that the substance had contributed to his 2003 world championship . While he implicated aspects of the Cofidis team's environment in facilitating doping, he initially protected other individuals by limiting his disclosures to already-known details. His cooperation led French authorities to place him under formal judicial investigation for possession of prohibited substances but ultimately resulted in no criminal charges being filed against him at the time. In the immediate aftermath, Cofidis terminated Millar's contract on July 20, 2004, barring him from the and ending his tenure with the team. On August 4, 2004, imposed a two-year suspension (later adjusted on appeal to run from June 24, 2004, to June 24, 2006), stripped him of his 2003 time trial title, and fined him approximately £900 (around $1,600). The (UCI) endorsed the ban under its anti-doping rules. Amid intense media scrutiny and public backlash, Millar issued a public apology, expressing remorse for his actions, before retreating to his family home in to cope with the fallout.

Later racing career

Return with Saunier Duval-Prodir (2005–2007)

Following a successful appeal to the that backdated his two-year suspension to the date of his 2004 arrest, David Millar became eligible to race again in early 2006. In December 2005, he signed a contract with the Spanish team Saunier Duval-Prodir, effective for the 2006 season through the end of 2007, marking a deliberate shift to a squad known for its commitment to clean competition protocols and youth development. Millar emphasized his dedication to racing without performance-enhancing drugs, viewing the team as an opportunity for redemption amid lingering skepticism from peers and the cycling community. Millar's return to competition began at the , where he finished 58th overall, demonstrating solid time-trial form with 17th place in the and 11th in the stage 20 . Later that season, he achieved his first victories since the ban at the , winning the stage 1 in and stage 14's 33 km in Cuenca, performances that highlighted his enduring specialization in the discipline despite a overall classification of 64th. These results underscored his gradual rebuilding of fitness and confidence, though he faced physical challenges from two years away and the psychological pressure of public scrutiny. In 2007, Millar continued his resurgence, capturing both the British national time trial championship in June—clocking 56 minutes 57 seconds over 45.8 km—and the road race title later that month in , outsprinting rivals in a grueling finale after a demanding season. He participated in key events like Paris-Nice, where he won the prologue, and the , finishing 69th overall after featuring in an early breakaway on stage 1 from to . Although he did not secure a Grand Tour stage victory that year, his consistent top-10 finishes in time trials reflected improved consistency. Challenges persisted, including fatigue from intensive training and doubts about his clean status, but Saunier Duval's anti-doping emphasis— including regular internal testing—provided a supportive framework. During this period, Millar began advocating for doping reform, drawing on his experiences to speak publicly about the 's cultural issues at events like the rest-day press conferences, where he urged riders to prioritize ethics over shortcuts. His candor helped foster discussions on transparency, positioning him as an emerging voice for change within a team that prioritized biological passports and clean protocols ahead of their curve. This advocacy, combined with his on-bike results, marked a pivotal phase in his rehabilitation, though he later reflected on the era's pervasive as a barrier to full acceptance.

Garmin–Sharp tenure and leadership (2008–2014)

Millar joined Garmin-Slipstream (later rebranded as Garmin–Sharp) in 2008, attracted by the team's rigorous anti-doping policies and emphasis on clean competition under director , who had himself confronted doping issues earlier in his career. This environment allowed Millar, returning from prior teams amid his advocacy for ethical racing, to focus on performance without the shadows of his past suspension. As a veteran rider, he quickly became a stabilizing presence, contributing to the squad's debut appearance that year, where the team emphasized collective strategy over individual results. In 2009, Millar secured his first major victory with the team by winning stage 20 of the , a 27.8 km in Toledo that showcased his enduring time-trialing prowess. He played a role for younger teammates like and , offering tactical guidance during Grand Tours and fostering the team's reputation for disciplined racing. His efforts helped Garmin–Slipstream build momentum, finishing the season with improved cohesion and several podiums in supporting roles. The 2010 season brought further success, with Millar claiming overall victory at the Driedaagse De Panne-Koksijde after dominating the final stage, a key preparation event for the . He also won gold in the men's at the in , representing and beating competitors like . Additionally, he took the Chrono des Herbiers , reinforcing his status as a top specialist in the discipline. These wins highlighted his resurgence while he continued to lead by example, advising on recovery and race craft for the team's developing roster. In 2011, Millar capped the with a win on the final stage, a 26 km in , though it came too late to affect the general classification led by . His performance underscored Garmin–Cervélo's strength in time trials, including their earlier success at the . Throughout the year, Millar balanced racing with informal leadership, sharing insights from his extensive Grand Tour experience to support emerging talents. From 2012 to 2014, Millar's role evolved toward greater emphasis on team leadership and youth development, as his personal results became secondary to guiding the next generation. He achieved a poignant highlight in 2012 by winning stage 12 of the , a 226 km hilly stage to , outsprinting breakaway companion Jean-Christophe Péraud in a victory that symbolized clean racing's viability nine years after his last Tour stage win. This triumph, his only Tour stage during the Garmin tenure, boosted team morale amid a challenging race. In subsequent years, he prioritized mentoring riders like and , contributing to the squad's pipeline of talent while competing selectively in time trials and stage races. In October 2013, Millar announced his retirement at the season's end, citing diminishing motivation after 17 professional years and a desire to transition beyond racing. He selected the 2014 as his farewell, finishing 97th overall in a low-key but reflective . The honored him with tributes during the race, culminating in an emotional final stage where Millar crossed the line to applause, reflecting on a career defined by resilience, four Tour stages, and advocacy for cycling's integrity.

Retirement and post-cycling endeavors

Immediate post-retirement activities (2014–2020)

Following his retirement from professional cycling at the end of the 2014 season with Garmin–Sharp, David Millar turned his attention to writing and reflection on his career. His 2011 autobiography Racing Through the Dark: The Fall and Rise of David Millar candidly detailed his experiences with performance-enhancing drugs, including his confession and ban, and became a bestseller that sold widely and received critical acclaim for its honesty. The book played a pivotal role in his post-retirement identity as an advocate, though no film adaptation was ultimately produced despite interest in his story. In 2015, Millar released a follow-up book, The Racer: Life on the Road as a Pro Cyclist, which provided an intimate look at his final racing season and further solidified his voice in cycling literature. Millar quickly established himself in broadcasting, joining ITV as a cycling commentator starting in 2015. He provided expert analysis for major events, including the , , and other Grand Tours, often co-commentating alongside and offering insights drawn from his professional experience. His commentary was praised for its depth and accessibility, helping to educate viewers on tactics and the sport's evolution. This role marked a seamless shift from racer to media personality, allowing Millar to remain connected to while sharing his perspective on clean competition. In the anti-doping sphere, Millar continued his longstanding involvement with the (WADA), where he had served on the Athlete Committee from 2007 to around , by conducting speaking tours and educational sessions on the of clean sport. Post-retirement, he focused on mentoring young athletes, including academy riders, emphasizing the psychological and career risks of doping through personal anecdotes from his own past. Although he did not found a specific anti-doping charity, his WADA-affiliated efforts and public talks promoted awareness and reform, positioning him as a key figure in fostering an anti-doping culture within . Commercially, Millar launched CHPT3 in 2015, a premium apparel brand in collaboration with Italian manufacturer Castelli, aimed at lifestyle-oriented products for everyday cyclists rather than racers. The line emphasized high-quality, versatile clothing like jerseys, shorts, and accessories that blended performance with urban style, reflecting Millar's vision for cycling beyond competition. Early collections focused on sustainable and functional designs, gaining traction among enthusiasts seeking refined, non-prototype gear. On a personal level, Millar prioritized recovery from the mental toll of his doping era, undergoing to address what he described as an addiction-like mindset toward performance enhancement, drawing from earlier sessions with psychiatrist Dr. Steve Peters that began during his career. He emphasized spending more time with family, relocating to , , to focus on well-being and work-life balance after years of intense racing demands. This period allowed him to rebuild emotionally, channeling his experiences into advocacy and business while stepping away from the pressures of professional sport.

Recent roles and advocacy (2021–2025)

Following the challenges faced by his apparel brand CHPT3 amid shifting market conditions in the industry, including increased competition and economic pressures, Millar oversaw its voluntary and cessation of trading in December 2024. The brand, which he founded in 2015 to blend performance gear with lifestyle elements, had evolved to include collaborations like limited-edition sneakers and commuter-focused products, but struggled with broader business hurdles that led to its temporary wind-down. In a significant pivot, Millar joined Factor Bikes as Global Brand Director in January 2025, taking on responsibilities in product development, team collaborations, and serving as a brand ambassador to bridge professional cycling insights with consumer innovation. This role allowed him to integrate his expertise into Factor's premium bicycle lineup, including supporting sponsored teams like IPT during training camps. Later that year, CHPT3 was revived through an acquisition by Factor's CEO Rob Gitelis in June 2025, providing Millar with a renewed platform to continue his design vision under the bike manufacturer's umbrella, though he emphasized a measured approach to future plans. Millar's 2025 activities highlighted his ongoing engagement with events and media. In April–May, he participated in the inaugural Traka 560, a 560 km unsupported gravel adventure in , , embracing the event's exploratory spirit on a Factor-equipped bike without competitive intent. In May, he made his debut at the 200-mile race in , riding alongside the elites as a curious adventurer and completing the challenging event. He contributed a series of daily diaries from the for Factor Bikes, offering behind-the-scenes insights from the race while marking his final season as an ITV commentator, where he provided analysis alongside for stage highlights. Throughout 2021–2025, Millar expanded his advocacy efforts, using podcasts and columns to address cycling's inherent dangers and the need for improved safety measures. In interviews, he described professional racing as "" and advocated treating safety like anti-doping efforts, promoting a culture of self-policing among riders through gear innovations, yellow cards, and ongoing experimentation to mitigate risks without eliminating the sport's edge. He also critiqued shifts in media access, particularly the move of coverage to TNT Sports' in the UK starting 2026, warning it would alienate fans and diminish the sport's accessibility after years of broadcasting on ITV. In parallel, Millar continued mentorship for emerging cyclists, drawing from his experiences to advise on resilience and ethical decision-making in the . He emphasized the bike's role in personal recovery and shared lessons on avoiding past pitfalls like doping, while supporting ' well-being amid professional pressures, though he has shown no interest in returning to competitive racing.

Personal life

Family and relationships

Millar met his future wife, Nicole, during his two-year suspension for doping in 2004–2006, and the couple married in 2009. Their relationship provided crucial emotional support amid the fallout from his career low, with Nicole standing by him as he rebuilt his life and returned to professional cycling. The couple has three children: sons Archibald and Harvey, and daughter Maxine. Millar's sister also offered significant support following his 2004 arrest, helping him navigate the immediate aftermath of the . Following his 2014 retirement, Millar has prioritized family time and maintained a low public profile regarding his personal relationships, focusing on fatherhood over professional commitments. No additional relationships have been reported as of 2025.

Residences and lifestyle

Millar has maintained his primary residence in , , since moving there in 2006 to establish a European training base amid the region's vibrant professional cycling community. The city's appeal, with its ideal terrain and proximity to the and , has kept him rooted there post-retirement, as evidenced by his participation in local events near home. Following his 2014 retirement, Millar has continued to base himself in while traveling frequently for cycling-related events and media commitments, balancing these with a more settled routine. His lifestyle emphasizes low-key enjoyment of the sport, such as unsupported adventures; in May 2025, he completed the 560 km Traka event near over 30 hours, describing it as a personal challenge rather than competitive pursuit. Embracing clean living after his 2004 doping suspension, Millar has become a vocal advocate for drug-free sport, offering guidance to athletes on rebuilding careers ethically and serving as a key figure in anti-doping efforts through organizations like the . This shift informs his health-focused habits, prioritizing recovery and sustainability over high-intensity risks. His routines are notably family-oriented, with retirement allowing greater emphasis on time with his children, a factor he cited as outweighing professional demands by 2014.

Achievements and legacy

Key victories and records

David Millar secured four stage victories in the across his career, beginning with the prologue in 2000, followed by stage 13 in 2002, the stage 19 in 2003, and stage 12 in 2012. These triumphs highlighted his prowess as a time trial specialist and marked him as a prominent figure in history. Millar's Grand Tour successes extended beyond the Tour de France, with five stage wins in the —stages 1 and 6 in 2001, stage 17 in 2003, stage 14 () in 2006, and stage 20 () in 2009—and a single stage victory in the , winning the stage 21 in 2011. He stands as the only British rider to have claimed stage wins in all three major Grand Tours, a feat that underscored his versatility and endurance in professional cycling's premier events. In addition to his Grand Tour stage successes, Millar achieved overall victory in the 2010 Driedaagse De Panne-Koksijde, a key pre-Classics stage race, and won the prologue of in 2007, demonstrating his early-season form. His 2003 overall win in the Tour of was later stripped following his doping admission and subsequent ban. At the national level, Millar claimed five British time trial championships between 1999 and 2005, plus another in 2007, along with the British National Road Race Championship in 2001. These titles affirmed his dominance in domestic competition and his role as a leader for during its formative professional era. Among his unique records, Millar is the only British cyclist to have worn all four Tour de France leader's jerseys: the yellow jersey for the general classification after his 2000 prologue win, the white jersey for best young rider in 2000, the polka-dot jersey for the mountains classification in 2007, and the for the points classification in 2003. At retirement in 2014, he held the record for the most Tour de France stage wins by a British rider with four individual victories. Post-2006, following his two-year doping suspension, Millar's clean victories—such as the 2006 Vuelta stage, 2009 Vuelta stage, 2011 Giro stage, and 2012 Tour stage—emphasized his redemption and commitment to ethical racing, enhancing his legacy as both competitor and advocate.

Grand Tour General Classification Timeline

David Millar's Grand Tour career spanned 24 starts across the three major races, with notable general classification (GC) finishes including 16th in the , 5th in the 2001 Vuelta a España, and 23rd in the . His post-doping ban results from 2006 onward, all achieved cleanly, featured consistent participation but fewer top GC placements, emphasizing team support roles. Below is a chronological summary of his GC positions where he finished the race; DNFs occurred in several editions, including multiple Tours.
YearRaceGC PositionNotes
2000Tour de France16thWore yellow jersey after prologue win.
2001Vuelta a España5thStrong overall performance.
2002Tour de FranceDNFStage win earlier in race.
2003Tour de FranceDNFStage win, but later disqualified due to doping.
2006Vuelta a EspañaDNFStage win in time trial.
2007Giro d'Italia20thTop-20 finish.
2007Tour de FranceDNFWore polka-dot jersey briefly.
2008Tour de France68thClean return post-ban.
2009Giro d'ItaliaDNFIllness-affected.
2009Vuelta a España28thStage win in clean era.
2010Giro d'ItaliaDNFTeam support focus.
2010Vuelta a EspañaDNFBreakaway attempts.
2011Giro d'Italia49thWore pink jersey briefly; clean result.
2011Tour de France23rdBest clean GC in Tour.
2012Tour de France61stStage win in clean competition.
2013Giro d'ItaliaDNFAbandoned mid-race.
2013Tour de France52ndVeteran performance.
2014Vuelta a España107thFinal Grand Tour start.

Grand Tour Stage Highlights

Millar secured 10 stage victories across the Grand Tours, becoming one of few British riders to win stages in all three races. His wins included four in the (one pre-ban, three clean post-2008), one in the (clean), and five in the (mixed, with later ones clean). The table below lists key stage wins chronologically, highlighting his time trial prowess.
YearRaceStageDateTypeNotes
20001July 1Prologue ITTFirst yellow jersey for a British rider.
20011September 8ITTPrologue win.
20016September 13Road stageBreakaway win.
200213July 19Road stageFirst road stage win.
200317September 22Road stagePre-ban win.
200319July 26ITTLater stripped due to doping.
200614September 9ITTCuenca time trial.
200920September 19ITTToledo; clean era win.
201121May 29ITT; first Giro stage win.
201212July 13Road stage; clean victory after breakaway.

Championship Timeline

Millar's championship results included silver medals in the UCI World Time Trial Championships in 2001 and 2010 (the latter clean), a disqualified 2003 world title due to doping, and British national titles in 2007. At the Olympics, he did not finish the 2000 time trial and placed outside the top 100 in the 2012 road race. Post-ban achievements were all clean, underscoring his return to competitive form.
YearEventDisciplineResultNotes
2000Olympics (Sydney)Time TrialDNFDebut Olympic appearance.
2001UCI Worlds (Lisbon)Time Trial2ndSilver medal.
2003UCI Worlds (Hamilton)Time Trial1st (disqualified)Initially won, stripped due to doping.
2007British NationalsRoad Race1stNational champion.
2007British NationalsTime Trial1stNational champion.
2008UCI Worlds (Varazdin)Time Trial9thClean result.
2010Commonwealth GamesTime Trial1stGold medal, clean result.
2010UCI Worlds (Geelong)Time Trial2ndSilver medal, clean.
2012Olympics (London)Road Race108thTeam support role.

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  95. https://www.procyclingstats.com/statistics/grandtours/stage-winners-in-all-3-gts
  96. https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/latest-news/millar-is-first-four-jersey-brit-in-tour-89725
  97. https://www.procyclingstats.com/rider/david-millar/statistics/grandtour-leader-jerseys
  98. https://www.britishcycling.org.uk/points?person_id=75004&type=national&year=2013
  99. https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/racing/vuelta-a-espana/goodbyes-david-millars-grand-tour-finale-137492
  100. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2001/sep/26/cycling.cycling
  101. https://www.tntsports.co.uk/cycling/millar-bags-stage-14_sto960657/story.shtml
  102. https://www.britishcycling.org.uk/road/article/roa20090920-Millar-Takes-Vuelta-Stage-0
  103. https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/road-racing/giro-ditalia/alberto-contador-wins-giro-ditalia-as-david-millar-takes-final-time-trial/
  104. https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/18834827
  105. http://www.olympedia.org/athletes/90384
  106. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/aug/06/cycling.sport
  107. https://www.cyclingweekly.com/news/latest-news/millar-and-cummings-disappointed-with-tt-result-92577
  108. https://roadcyclinguk.com/news/racing-news/cancellara-beats-millar-to-time-trial-gold.html
  109. https://www.olympics.com/en/olympic-games/london-2012/results/cycling-road/individual-road-race-men
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