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Day of Valor
The Day of Valor, officially known in Filipino as Araw ng Kagitingan, is a national observance in the Philippines that commemorates the fall of Bataan and the Battle of Corregidor against Japanese troops during World War II. The day is officially celebrated every April 9, marking the start of the Bataan Death March, although the date has been moved on several occasions to avoid coinciding with the observance of Holy Week in the country, particularly the Easter Triduum and Easter Sunday, such as in 2004, 2009, 2020, and 2023.
Due to Bataan's significance in World War II, the holiday was officially known as Bataan Day or Bataan Day and Corregidor Day prior to the 2000s and is still referred to by these names by some. In the United States, the holiday is observed in Maywood, Illinois, where it continues to be known by its former name.
At dawn on April 9, 1942, against the orders of Generals Douglas MacArthur and Jonathan Wainwright, the commander of the Luzon Force, Bataan, Major General Edward P. King, Jr., surrendered more than 76,000 starving and disease-ridden soldiers (64,000 Filipinos and 12,000 Americans) to Japanese troops.
The majority of these prisoners of war had their belongings confiscated before being forced to endure the infamous 140-kilometer (87 mi) Bataan Death March to Camp O'Donnell in Capas, Tarlac. En route, thousands died from dehydration, heat prostration, untreated wounds, and wanton execution while walking in deep dust over vehicle-broken Macadam roads, and crammed into rail cars for transport to captivity.
The few who were lucky enough to travel by truck to San Fernando, Pampanga would still have to endure more than 25 miles (40 km) of additional marching. Prisoners were beaten randomly and often denied promised food and water. Those who fell behind were usually executed or left to die, with the sides of the roads becoming littered with dead bodies and those moaning for help.
Only 54,000 of the 76,000 prisoners (66,000 Filipinos and 10,000 Americans) reached their destination; the exact death toll is difficult to assess because thousands of captives were able to escape from their guards. Approximately 3,000 prisoners may have died during the march, and 25–30,000 more while in captivity.
In April 1961, Philippine President Carlos P. Garcia signed Republic Act No. 3022 into law, declaring April 9 of every year as "Bataan Day".
On November 26, 1980, President Ferdinand Marcos issued Letter of Instruction No. 1087 providing revised guidelines for the observance of holidays. The holiday was shifted from April 9 to May 6, to be known as "Araw ng Kagitingan (Bataan, Corregidor and Besang Pass Day)". This was first observed in 1981.
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Day of Valor
The Day of Valor, officially known in Filipino as Araw ng Kagitingan, is a national observance in the Philippines that commemorates the fall of Bataan and the Battle of Corregidor against Japanese troops during World War II. The day is officially celebrated every April 9, marking the start of the Bataan Death March, although the date has been moved on several occasions to avoid coinciding with the observance of Holy Week in the country, particularly the Easter Triduum and Easter Sunday, such as in 2004, 2009, 2020, and 2023.
Due to Bataan's significance in World War II, the holiday was officially known as Bataan Day or Bataan Day and Corregidor Day prior to the 2000s and is still referred to by these names by some. In the United States, the holiday is observed in Maywood, Illinois, where it continues to be known by its former name.
At dawn on April 9, 1942, against the orders of Generals Douglas MacArthur and Jonathan Wainwright, the commander of the Luzon Force, Bataan, Major General Edward P. King, Jr., surrendered more than 76,000 starving and disease-ridden soldiers (64,000 Filipinos and 12,000 Americans) to Japanese troops.
The majority of these prisoners of war had their belongings confiscated before being forced to endure the infamous 140-kilometer (87 mi) Bataan Death March to Camp O'Donnell in Capas, Tarlac. En route, thousands died from dehydration, heat prostration, untreated wounds, and wanton execution while walking in deep dust over vehicle-broken Macadam roads, and crammed into rail cars for transport to captivity.
The few who were lucky enough to travel by truck to San Fernando, Pampanga would still have to endure more than 25 miles (40 km) of additional marching. Prisoners were beaten randomly and often denied promised food and water. Those who fell behind were usually executed or left to die, with the sides of the roads becoming littered with dead bodies and those moaning for help.
Only 54,000 of the 76,000 prisoners (66,000 Filipinos and 10,000 Americans) reached their destination; the exact death toll is difficult to assess because thousands of captives were able to escape from their guards. Approximately 3,000 prisoners may have died during the march, and 25–30,000 more while in captivity.
In April 1961, Philippine President Carlos P. Garcia signed Republic Act No. 3022 into law, declaring April 9 of every year as "Bataan Day".
On November 26, 1980, President Ferdinand Marcos issued Letter of Instruction No. 1087 providing revised guidelines for the observance of holidays. The holiday was shifted from April 9 to May 6, to be known as "Araw ng Kagitingan (Bataan, Corregidor and Besang Pass Day)". This was first observed in 1981.