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Dhund (tribe)
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Dhund (tribe)
Dhund (ڈھونڈ), also known as Abbasi (عباسی), is a tribe mainly inhabiting the Galyat region in Pakistan, specifically Murree in Punjab, and the surrounding areas of Hazara and Azad Kashmir. They natively speak various dialects of Punjabi.
They have adopted several titles such as "Khan", "Sardar" and "Raja".
According to the anthropologist Hastings Donnan who did fieldwork on the Dhund tribe in the 1980s, the Dhund claim their ancestors to have arrived in Murree and the surrounding region with the invading armies of Muhammad ibn al-Qasim from Arabia in 712 CE, and further claim an Arab descent from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, the uncle of prophet Muhammad. The tradition of the Arab descent put forwarded by the Dhund has been noted by the British colonial officials since the early 20th century, though with much scepticism. According to Donnan, the tradition of descent from Muhammad's uncle and the usage of the surname Abbasi by the Dhund may suggest "recent Islamization of the name of the group".
Another theory posits an indigenous origins of the tribe, and in the 1881, 1891 and 1901 Censuses of British India the Dhund are recorded to have returned themselves as Rajputs.
During the decline of the Mughal empire, from the late 18th to early 19th century, the Karrals and Dhunds began to assert to themselves some independence of the Gakhars.
According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India (Provincial series) of 1908 "Hazara plain formed part of the Attock governorship, while other parts of the modern District were held by the same Gakhars who played so prominent part in the history of Rawalpindi. When the Mughal dynasty declined and the Afghan peoples from across the Indus grew more aggressive, they found Hazara an easy prey; Gakhar rule had grown weak, and the old families of the Gujars, Kharrals, and Dhunds were losing their vitality. In 1752, Hazara passed definitely under the sway of Ahmad Shah Durrani, The District formed the most convenient route to Kashmir and also a useful recruiting area. Hence the Durranis were at pains to repress disorder, but troubled themselves little about the internal administration or even the revenue payments of the tract.
M. A. Sherring writing in 1879 described the Gukkurs and their neighbours the Dhunds, the Gukkurs were described as living in the south of Hazara District with their chief at Khanpoor and the "territory to the east of that held by the Gukkurs, as far as the Jhelum, is inhabited by the Dhoonds, a rocky country traversed by torrents, in which a wild and hardy people, led by fanatical priests, could, in former times, successfully defy their enemies".
During the latter years of the Sikh Empire the Dhunds rebelled against Gulab Singh, Singh apparently had hunted in vain "for escaped ringleaders" until he came up with the idea of imprisoning the headmen of the neighbourhood – this then allowed him to get his hands on the ringleaders – the British were later to borrow this tactic against the Dhunds in 1857.
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Dhund (tribe)
Dhund (ڈھونڈ), also known as Abbasi (عباسی), is a tribe mainly inhabiting the Galyat region in Pakistan, specifically Murree in Punjab, and the surrounding areas of Hazara and Azad Kashmir. They natively speak various dialects of Punjabi.
They have adopted several titles such as "Khan", "Sardar" and "Raja".
According to the anthropologist Hastings Donnan who did fieldwork on the Dhund tribe in the 1980s, the Dhund claim their ancestors to have arrived in Murree and the surrounding region with the invading armies of Muhammad ibn al-Qasim from Arabia in 712 CE, and further claim an Arab descent from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, the uncle of prophet Muhammad. The tradition of the Arab descent put forwarded by the Dhund has been noted by the British colonial officials since the early 20th century, though with much scepticism. According to Donnan, the tradition of descent from Muhammad's uncle and the usage of the surname Abbasi by the Dhund may suggest "recent Islamization of the name of the group".
Another theory posits an indigenous origins of the tribe, and in the 1881, 1891 and 1901 Censuses of British India the Dhund are recorded to have returned themselves as Rajputs.
During the decline of the Mughal empire, from the late 18th to early 19th century, the Karrals and Dhunds began to assert to themselves some independence of the Gakhars.
According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India (Provincial series) of 1908 "Hazara plain formed part of the Attock governorship, while other parts of the modern District were held by the same Gakhars who played so prominent part in the history of Rawalpindi. When the Mughal dynasty declined and the Afghan peoples from across the Indus grew more aggressive, they found Hazara an easy prey; Gakhar rule had grown weak, and the old families of the Gujars, Kharrals, and Dhunds were losing their vitality. In 1752, Hazara passed definitely under the sway of Ahmad Shah Durrani, The District formed the most convenient route to Kashmir and also a useful recruiting area. Hence the Durranis were at pains to repress disorder, but troubled themselves little about the internal administration or even the revenue payments of the tract.
M. A. Sherring writing in 1879 described the Gukkurs and their neighbours the Dhunds, the Gukkurs were described as living in the south of Hazara District with their chief at Khanpoor and the "territory to the east of that held by the Gukkurs, as far as the Jhelum, is inhabited by the Dhoonds, a rocky country traversed by torrents, in which a wild and hardy people, led by fanatical priests, could, in former times, successfully defy their enemies".
During the latter years of the Sikh Empire the Dhunds rebelled against Gulab Singh, Singh apparently had hunted in vain "for escaped ringleaders" until he came up with the idea of imprisoning the headmen of the neighbourhood – this then allowed him to get his hands on the ringleaders – the British were later to borrow this tactic against the Dhunds in 1857.