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Diisobutyl phthalate
Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) is a phthalate ester having the structural formula C6H4(COOCH2CH(CH3)2)2. It is formed by the esterification of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride. This and other phthalates are used as plasticizers due to their flexibility and durability. They are found in many industrial and personal products, such as lacquers, nail polish and cosmetics. DIBP can be absorbed via oral ingestion and dermal exposure. When it comes to excretion, DIBP is first converted into the hydrolytic monoester monoisobutyl phthalate (MIBP). The primary excretory route is urine, with biliary excretion being noted in minor amounts. DIBP has lower density and freezing point than the related compound dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
It is used as a plasticizer additive in a range of plastic and rubber materials. It has low volatility, which makes it ideal for use in products that require long-lasting flexibility, e.g. automotive parts, wire and cable insulation, and flooring. It is dense and water-insoluble.
DIBP has been found to be relatively non-toxic, but high levels of exposure to the compound may cause irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. However, in recent years, concerns have been raised about the potential health risks of exposure to phthalates, including DIBP. Therefore, several countries have restricted or even banned the use of certain phthalates in products. DIBP has been detected in various environmental matrices, such as air, water, and sediment. DIBP is known to bioaccumulate in certain aquatic species
DIBP is synthesized by reaction of phthalic anhydride with isobutanol. Various acids are used as a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, sulfonated graphene, or iron(III) chloride. Water is a byproduct.
Using sulfuric acid, the yield is 61% yield.
Sulfonated graphene is a heterogeneous catalyst that has several advantages over traditional liquid acids like sulfuric acid. Sulfonated graphene can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and can be reused multiple times without reduction in activity. Furthermore, sulfonated graphene is environmentally friendly, as it does not produce hazardous waste materials that are typically generated during the use of traditional liquid acid catalysts. This method has a 95% yield.
Lewis acids, such as FeCl3, can also be used as the catalyst. The Lewis acid catalysis process can be run at lower temperatures (50-100 °C), and gives a yield of 86%.
Diisobutyl phthalate is clear, colourless, oily liquid form with a mild odor. It is insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents.
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Diisobutyl phthalate
Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) is a phthalate ester having the structural formula C6H4(COOCH2CH(CH3)2)2. It is formed by the esterification of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride. This and other phthalates are used as plasticizers due to their flexibility and durability. They are found in many industrial and personal products, such as lacquers, nail polish and cosmetics. DIBP can be absorbed via oral ingestion and dermal exposure. When it comes to excretion, DIBP is first converted into the hydrolytic monoester monoisobutyl phthalate (MIBP). The primary excretory route is urine, with biliary excretion being noted in minor amounts. DIBP has lower density and freezing point than the related compound dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
It is used as a plasticizer additive in a range of plastic and rubber materials. It has low volatility, which makes it ideal for use in products that require long-lasting flexibility, e.g. automotive parts, wire and cable insulation, and flooring. It is dense and water-insoluble.
DIBP has been found to be relatively non-toxic, but high levels of exposure to the compound may cause irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. However, in recent years, concerns have been raised about the potential health risks of exposure to phthalates, including DIBP. Therefore, several countries have restricted or even banned the use of certain phthalates in products. DIBP has been detected in various environmental matrices, such as air, water, and sediment. DIBP is known to bioaccumulate in certain aquatic species
DIBP is synthesized by reaction of phthalic anhydride with isobutanol. Various acids are used as a catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, sulfonated graphene, or iron(III) chloride. Water is a byproduct.
Using sulfuric acid, the yield is 61% yield.
Sulfonated graphene is a heterogeneous catalyst that has several advantages over traditional liquid acids like sulfuric acid. Sulfonated graphene can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by filtration and can be reused multiple times without reduction in activity. Furthermore, sulfonated graphene is environmentally friendly, as it does not produce hazardous waste materials that are typically generated during the use of traditional liquid acid catalysts. This method has a 95% yield.
Lewis acids, such as FeCl3, can also be used as the catalyst. The Lewis acid catalysis process can be run at lower temperatures (50-100 °C), and gives a yield of 86%.
Diisobutyl phthalate is clear, colourless, oily liquid form with a mild odor. It is insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents.