Hubbry Logo
DjezzyDjezzyMain
Open search
Djezzy
Community hub
Djezzy
logo
8 pages, 0 posts
0 subscribers
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Be the first to start a discussion here.
Djezzy
Djezzy
Djezzy
View on Wikipedia
from Wikipedia

Djezzy (in Arabic: جازي) is one of Algeria's three main mobile network operators, with a market share of 65%[needs update] (over 16.49 million subscribers in December 2016) and a network covering 90%[1] of the population (48 wilayas). Djezzy is wholly owned by the Algerian state since 2022, previously was a subsidiary of the Egyptian company Global Telecom Holding (a subsidiary of VEON). Djezzy acquired Algeria's second GSM license on 11 July 2001, with a bid of $737 million, and was officially launched on February 15, 2002.[2]

Key Information

In January 2015, the National Investment Fund (FNI) took control of 51% of the capital of the company while the foreign partner, Global Telecom Holding, retained responsibility for the management of the company. In August 2022, VEON sold the remaining 45.57% stake in the company to the National Investment Fund for $682 million, making it the sole owner of Djezzy.[3][4]

Djezzy covers 95% of the population across the national territory and its 3G services are deployed in 48 wilayas. Djezzy launched its 4G services, on October 1, 2016, in 20 wilayas and is committed to covering more than 50% of the population by 2021.

Djezzy is engaged in a process of transformation to become the leading digital operator in Algeria and allow customers to navigate the digital world. The company is headed by Boumediene Senouci, CEO since 2025.

Djezzy was part of VEON, an international communications and technology company.

The company provides a wide range of services such as the prepaid, post-paid, data, value-added services and SUT.

It has two competitors: the government-owned Mobilis and the privately owned Ooredoo Algeria.

[edit]

A few years after the company was privatized, Naguib Sawiris's Orascom Telecom purchased a majority share in the company, and under his leadership, Djezzy grew rapidly, becoming Orascom’s most profitable subsidiary and one of Algeria’s leading mobile service providers.[5]

The legal conflict began to escalate in 2008,[6] when the Algerian government announced its intent to increase its stake in Djezzy and exert more control over the telecommunications sector. This move was perceived by Sawiris as a direct challenge to his ownership and a breach of the terms under which Orascom had invested in Algeria.[7]

In 2010, Russian company VimpelCom bought and merged with Orascom for $6.4 billion.[8] In 2012 Sawiris sued the Algerian government at the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) for $4 billion in damages, stating that the government had "pursued a campaign of interference and harassment" and "forced" him to sell the company at a cheap price through the merger with VimpelCom.[9] In 2014, VimpelCom agreed to sell a 51% stake in Djezzy to the Algerian National Investment Fund (FNI) for $2.64 billion, ending the essence of the dispute.[10] In 2017, the ICSID ruled in favor of the government of Alegria and declined Sawiris's $4 billion claim.[11]

The Algerian government’s position was that Orascom Telecom had not fulfilled certain regulatory requirements and that the company was not paying its fair share of taxes. These claims were part of a broader pattern of increasing scrutiny and regulation of foreign investments in Algeria, particularly in strategic sectors like telecommunications. Orascom Telecom argued that the Algerian government’s actions constituted an expropriation of its assets, a claim that would require compensation under international investment agreements. The Algerian government, on the other hand, insisted that it was merely enforcing national laws and regulations and that Orascom’s complaints were unfounded. One of the key issues was whether the Algerian government’s actions amounted to a violation of the bilateral investment treaty between Egypt and Algeria, which was designed to protect investments from unfair treatment. Orascom claimed that the government’s actions were discriminatory and breached the terms of this treaty.

Logos

[edit]
  • Djezzy logo from 2001 to April 2013.
    Djezzy logo from 2001 to April 2013.
  • Djezzy logo from 2013 to April 2015.
    Djezzy logo from 2013 to April 2015.
  • Djezzy logo since April 2015.
    Djezzy logo since April 2015.

References

[edit]
[edit]
Revisions and contributorsEdit on WikipediaRead on Wikipedia

Djezzy

View on Grokipedia
from Grokipedia

Djezzy (Arabic: جازي), officially known as Optimum Telecom Algérie SPA, is Algeria's dominant mobile network operator, commanding a market share of approximately 65% and providing coverage to 90% of the population through its GSM-based services including voice, data, messaging, and multimedia offerings.
Established in 2001 by Orascom Telecom Holding under Egyptian entrepreneur Naguib Sawiris, Djezzy rapidly expanded to become the country's largest telecom provider, but faced escalating conflicts with the Algerian government over taxes, regulatory compliance, and foreign ownership, resulting in substantial fines exceeding $1 billion and threats to its operating license.
In 2015, VEON (then VimpelCom), which had acquired control via Orascom, sold a 51% stake to the Algerian state for $2.6 billion to settle disputes, with full nationalization completed in 2022 through the state-owned Fonds National d'Investissement, reflecting Algeria's push for greater control over strategic assets amid economic pressures from hydrocarbon dependency.
Under state ownership, Djezzy continues to drive Algeria's digital transformation, investing in network upgrades and services essential for connectivity in a nation where mobile penetration supports economic diversification efforts, though challenges persist in infrastructure expansion and competition from state-backed rivals like Mobilis.

History

Founding and launch (2000–2005)

Optimum Telecom Algérie (OTA), operating as Djezzy, originated from Orascom Telecom Holding's (OTH) strategic entry into Algeria's nascent mobile market. In May 2001, the Algerian government launched a tender for the country's second license to foster competition beyond the of Algerie Telecom's Mobilis service. On July 11, 2001, OTH, led by Egyptian entrepreneur , secured the license with a winning bid of $737 million, marking a pivotal foreign in Algeria's post-civil economic reforms aimed at and involvement. Commercial launch followed on February 15, 2002, with Djezzy establishing initial coverage primarily in urban centers to target underserved demand for affordable mobile services. The operator emphasized prepaid plans, which resonated in a market characterized by low fixed-line penetration and economic recovery efforts, positioning Djezzy as a disruptive private entrant against the incumbent state provider. By 2005, Djezzy had achieved substantial subscriber growth, leveraging competitive pricing and network expansion amid Algeria's broader , though exact figures reflect rapid adoption in a previously monopolized sector. This early phase underscored OTH's model of deploying cost-effective in emerging markets to capture quickly.

Rapid expansion and market dominance (2006–2010)

Following its initial launch, Djezzy pursued an aggressive expansion strategy from 2006 to 2010, investing heavily in infrastructure to extend coverage into rural and underserved regions of , where state-owned competitors like Mobilis had limited presence. This private capital infusion from parent company Orascom Telecom Holding enabled rapid site deployments and capacity enhancements, positioning Djezzy as a disruptor in a market dominated by slower state expansion. By capitalizing on foreign expertise in network engineering, Djezzy achieved superior buildout speeds compared to subsidized incumbents, demonstrating the efficiency gains from market-oriented investment in developing telecommunications sectors. Subscriber acquisition accelerated through competitive prepaid and campaigns tailored to Algeria's predominantly low-income demographic, with Djezzy capturing a leading market share of approximately 43% by late in the period despite the 2004 entry of Nedjma (now ). Innovations such as discount bundles and international roaming options, rolled out progressively in the mid-2000s, diversified revenue streams beyond voice calls and appealed to urban migrants and diaspora users, boosting while undercutting rivals' higher tariffs. These value-added services, including prepaid promotions like the Liberty 1-day offer allowing unlimited on-net calls for DZD 99, further entrenched Djezzy's appeal among price-sensitive customers. Although facing competitive pressures from Mobilis, which received implicit state support through infrastructure subsidies and preferential access, Djezzy maintained dominance via responsive and broader geographic reach, underscoring the advantages of agile private operations over bureaucratic state entities in fostering penetration. Orascom's equity consolidation to 96.81% ownership in 2005–2006 provided the for sustained capital expenditures, rendering Djezzy Orascom's most profitable unit and highlighting how drove sector growth amid regulatory favoritism toward national champions.

Escalating regulatory pressures and ownership shifts (2011–2021)

In 2010, Algerian tax authorities issued an initial claim against Djezzy for $597 million in back taxes and penalties covering 2005–2007, prompting Orascom Telecom to pay $120 million as a deposit to file an appeal. The appeal was rejected in March 2010, with authorities upholding the assessment despite Orascom's contention that it violated Algerian principles. Claims escalated rapidly, reaching over $800 million by November 2010 amid broader audits, including a $230 million reassessment deemed non-final by Algerian officials but enforced through asset freezes and transfer bans on Djezzy's funds. Disputes intensified with a $1.25 billion fine in early 2012 for alleged violations, where appeals were repeatedly postponed—first in April and again to May 27—before an Algerian court upheld the penalty in late May, leading Orascom to pursue supreme court review and . These regulatory actions, coupled with government assertions of pre-emptive purchase rights, blocked alternative sales such as a proposed deal to MTN and exerted pressure for partial to local entities, crossing the 51% Algerian ownership threshold under laws to avert threats and operational shutdowns. The cumulative pressures culminated in a April 2014 settlement where VEON (formerly VimpelCom), via subsidiary , sold a 51% stake in Djezzy to Algeria's National Investment Fund for $2.6 billion, retaining 49% with operational control while paying a $1.3 billion fine and $1.9 billion to resolve and regulatory claims. This agreement enabled resolution of lingering disputes but reflected ongoing state interventions eroding foreign control, with VEON later exercising a in 2021 to divest its remaining stake amid persistent political risks. Regulatory hostilities directly impeded infrastructure upgrades, as 3G licensing—anticipated since 2008—was stalled by the Djezzy impasse, delaying commercial rollout until July 2014 post-settlement despite equipment readiness. Such delays underscored how state-driven fiscal and ownership demands in Algeria's telecom sector prioritized national control over timely technological advancement, constraining .

Nationalization and post-2022 stabilization

In August 2022, VEON completed the divestment of its 45.57% stake in Omnium Telecom Algerie SpA, the entity operating Djezzy, to Algeria's National Investment Fund for USD 682 million, achieving full state ownership and resolving prior shareholder disputes that had risked under bilateral investment treaties. This transaction, finalized on , marked the end of foreign equity involvement, with the Algerian government consolidating control through its sovereign wealth mechanisms to prioritize national interests over multinational shareholder dynamics. Following the takeover, Djezzy undertook stabilization measures centered on infrastructure renewal, including substantial capital expenditures to enhance network reliability and coverage. In the second quarter of 2025 alone, the operator allocated 10.6 billion Algerian dinars (an increase of 70.3% year-over-year) toward 4G expansions, achieving population coverage of 95.2%. Earlier efforts in 2023 saw investments rise 38.5% to 24.9 billion dinars, focusing on technological upgrades amid a transition to state-directed operations. These initiatives supported broader goals of digital sovereignty, such as reducing reliance on foreign technology dependencies, though decision-making shifted toward alignment with governmental policies rather than purely commercial imperatives. The post-nationalization phase has emphasized operational continuity under bureaucratic oversight, with investments yielding measurable network improvements but introducing potential delays from politicized priorities over the agile, profit-oriented strategies of the prior private . State control has facilitated integration with national development agendas, including enhanced rural connectivity, yet telecom sector analyses indicate that majority government ownership in Algerian operators like Djezzy correlates with moderated competitive pressures and paces compared to privately held peers. This structure prioritizes strategic state objectives, such as infrastructure equity, at the expense of faster market-responsive advancements observed pre-2022.

Ownership and governance

Orascom Telecom era and foreign investment

Orascom Telecom Holding (OTH), founded and chaired by Egyptian entrepreneur , entered the Algerian market in 2002 by securing a to operate the country's second mobile network, establishing Orascom Telecom Algérie (OTA) as its subsidiary. OTA launched commercial services under the Djezzy brand in February 2002, constructing an extensive network from the ground up in an economy with limited telecommunications infrastructure at the time. Sawiris's strategic vision emphasized expansion into underserved emerging markets across the , , and beyond, positioning Orascom as a pioneer in pan-regional mobile connectivity by deploying proven technology and operational expertise honed in . This exemplified the advantages of private capital in resource-constrained settings, with Orascom committing substantial funds—including over $700 million for the initial license—to rapidly deploy base stations and coverage, achieving subscriber growth that outpaced the state-owned Algerie Telecom's Mobilis. By 2006, OTH had increased its stake in OTA to 96.81% through phased acquisitions starting from an initial minority position, navigating Algeria's regulatory framework that generally capped at 49% in strategic sectors but permitted higher control in practice for telecom via local partnerships and approvals during the early phase. Such FDI inflows facilitated Djezzy's ascent to market leadership, with the operator capturing over half of Orascom's group by the late 2000s through efficient scaling and service innovation, in stark contrast to the slower rollout under state monopolies reliant on public funding. Following VimpelCom's $6.4 billion acquisition of Orascom in , Djezzy's operations fell under (GTH), a VEON focused on emerging-market assets, maintaining foreign-led that prioritized transfers, network upgrades, and profit repatriation amid Algeria's hydrocarbon-driven . This structure enabled sustained investment in and , with Djezzy benefiting from Orascom's regional know-how in vendor negotiations and utilization, though escalating regulatory scrutiny over and imports began straining operations by 2010.

Algerian government acquisition process

The Algerian government's acquisition of Djezzy commenced amid escalating regulatory disputes starting in 2010, driven by and a to assert state control over strategic telecom assets previously developed by foreign s. Initial pressures included claims of foreign exchange violations and irregularities, culminating in a March 28, 2012, court ruling that fined Djezzy's CEO approximately $1.3 billion (93 billion Algerian dinars) for alleged , a penalty later appealed but in coercing concessions despite contestations that it violated agreements. These measures, including suspended operations threats and regulatory blocks on asset transfers, effectively diluted foreign stakes by prioritizing state pre-emption rights over contractual protections enshrined in bilateral investment treaties. In response, VimpelCom (VEON's predecessor, having acquired Orascom Telecom in 2011) agreed in January 2012 to sell a 51% controlling stake to the Algerian National (FNI), though the deal faced delays over valuation and arbitration threats; it finalized in April 2014 for $2.64 billion, with Djezzy paying a $1.3 billion fine to the Bank of and a $1.9 billion dividend to shareholders as preconditions. This partial transfer left VEON with a 45.57% , but ongoing tensions—exacerbated by ICSID arbitrations initiated by Orascom alleging expropriatory fines and forced sales as breaches of fair treatment standards—prompted VEON to exercise a in July 2021 for the remainder. The full acquisition concluded on August 5, 2022, when FNI purchased VEON's remaining 45.57% stake for $682 million in cash, achieving 100% and resolving lingering disputes at terms reflecting a sharp valuation decline from pre-crisis estimates exceeding $5 billion for majority control. This outcome, amid suspended ICSID claims and appeals, underscored causal trade-offs: while advancing national control, the process eroded foreign investor confidence through perceived arbitrary interventions, as evidenced by protracted arbitrations and depressed exit multiples compared to Djezzy's market-leading subscriber base and infrastructure investments.

State control under Algerian ownership

Following the Algerian government's acquisition of the remaining 45.57% stake from VEON in July 2022, Djezzy, operating as Optimum Telecom Algérie SPA, functions as a wholly state-owned entity under the oversight of the National Investment Fund (FNI). This structure integrates the company into Algeria's governance model, where strategic decisions are influenced by state priorities such as and sovereignty, contrasting with the profit-driven agility of its prior private ownership. Board composition and executive appointments reflect ministerial involvement, exemplified by the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications, , and Innovation's direct installation of Boumediene Senoussi as CEO in April 2025, succeeding Mahieddine Allouche. State control has shifted funding mechanisms toward domestic resources, including state budget allocations and in Algerian dinars, diminishing dependence on international loans or equity that characterized earlier foreign-influenced eras. For example, Djezzy allocated over 10.6 billion Algerian dinars for network expansions in the second quarter of 2025 alone, funding coverage enhancements without noted foreign capital inflows. However, this reliance introduces bureaucratic hurdles, as approvals must navigate multiple layers of governmental review, contributing to delays in agile implementation compared to private-sector precedents. Algerian public enterprises broadly exhibit such inefficiencies due to centralized oversight, where political and regulatory alignment supersedes rapid market responsiveness. While Djezzy's framework allows for potential hybrid models, including minority private stakes or IPOs as floated in state discussions by mid-2024, operational realities underscore dynamics in personnel decisions. Ministerial appointments and internal hires in Algerian state telecoms prioritize alignment with over specialized merit, fostering environments where to ruling structures influences promotions and resource distribution, as observed in broader SOE analyses. This has raised investor concerns about long-term efficiency, with post-nationalization shifts correlating to reduced foreign confidence in state-managed assets.

Network and technology

GSM to 3G transition and early infrastructure

Djezzy, under Orascom Telecom Algerie, commenced its operations on February 15, 2002, after securing Algeria's second license on July 11, 2001, for a bid of $737 million. The network utilized 900/1800 MHz bands, with initial deployments prioritizing urban centers to address the limitations of the state-dominated , which had previously constrained mobile penetration through slow rollout by the incumbent Telecom. This private-sector initiative enabled faster deployment of base stations and transmission links, compensating for gaps in legacy fixed-line backbone capacity and geographic barriers such as the Sahara Desert and , thereby extending voice coverage beyond what public efforts had achieved. By July 2004, Djezzy introduced EDGE technology on its network, marking an early step toward packet-switched data services and laying groundwork for future enhancements amid rising demand for basic mobile internet in a market previously reliant on dial-up. The company's investments in allocation and backhaul supported progressive expansion, achieving broad voice coverage through thousands of sites without detailed public enumeration in early records, driven by Orascom's operational expertise in emerging markets. The transition to 3G faced delays due to protracted tax disputes with Algerian authorities, which resolved in early 2014, allowing Djezzy to participate in the spectrum tender process for 2100 MHz bands. Commercial services launched in April 2014, initially targeting key wilayas to deliver higher-speed data capabilities, including HSPA, in response to surging needs following competitors' earlier introductions. This upgrade involved substantial capital outlay for radio access upgrades and core network adaptations, enabling Djezzy to bridge infrastructure deficits from the era and foster initial mobile data adoption despite regulatory hurdles.

4G deployment and coverage expansions

Djezzy launched its /LTE services on October 1, 2016, initially targeting 20 wilayas including major urban centers such as , , and Constantine, utilizing the 1800 MHz band. This rollout marked 's entry into commercial LTE operations, with Djezzy prioritizing spectrum refarming from to enable faster deployment amid regulatory spectrum allocations. Subsequent expansions involved substantial capital expenditures, including over 10.6 billion Algerian dinars invested in the second quarter of 2025 alone for upgrades and backhaul enhancements, achieving 95.2% coverage by mid-2025. Earlier milestones included 94.7% coverage in the first quarter of 2025, reflecting year-on-year gains of approximately 3 percentage points through targeted rural site additions and urban densification. These efforts addressed geographic gaps, though regulatory constraints and permitting delays contributed to slower progress relative to earlier 4G adoptions in neighboring markets like and . In October 2020, Algeria's regulator imposed the heaviest fine on Djezzy among the three major operators for suboptimal coverage, particularly in underserved rural zones, totaling penalties across providers for failing rollout obligations post-2016 licensing. This enforcement action, which identified Djezzy's network as the weakest in compliance metrics, accelerated subsequent deployments of additional sites but underscored inconsistencies in regulatory oversight, as fines were levied years after initial promises without prior progressive penalties. The transition maintained hybrid 3G/4G operations, with subscribers comprising 88.8% of Djezzy's base by the second quarter of 2025, while residual usage persisted in remote areas lacking full LTE upgrades. Following deployment, mobile traffic volumes surged, driven by rising penetration and affordable 4G-compatible devices, outpacing voice services as users shifted to high-bandwidth applications. This growth strained early infrastructure but was mitigated by progressive capacity expansions, aligning with broader Algerian trends where consumption eclipsed traditional metrics by 2020.

Preparations for 5G and recent upgrades

On July 4, 2025, 's Postal and Electronic Communications Regulatory Authority (ARPCE) awarded commercial licenses to Djezzy, alongside state-owned Mobilis and Ooredoo , enabling the operators to deploy fifth-generation networks following a competitive tender process initiated in late May. Djezzy announced plans for initial commercial offerings within three months of the license award, targeting a gradual rollout beginning in urban areas to support high-bandwidth applications such as enhanced and low-latency services. To support 5G deployment, Djezzy has pursued infrastructure enhancements, including a strategic partnership with Algerie Telecom formalized in late 2024 to facilitate service exchanges and improve backhaul connectivity through expanded fiber optic networks. This collaboration aims to bolster core network capacity for enterprise-grade low-latency applications, leveraging Algerie Telecom's ongoing FTTH expansion, which reached 2.5 million subscribers by September 2025 with speeds up to 1.5 Gbps. In Q2 2025, Djezzy allocated over DZD 10.6 billion (approximately $78 million) toward network investments, a 70% year-over-year increase, focusing on site activations and capacity upgrades to prepare for integration. Despite these efforts, challenges persist, including incomplete 4G coverage that carried into 2025, with Djezzy achieving only 94.7% population coverage by Q1, prompting government directives for nationwide expansions along roads to address safety-related gaps. Under since 2022, Djezzy's 5G preparations occur amid centralized spectrum allocation by ARPCE, raising questions about rollout efficiency compared to private-sector-driven deployments in regions like , where operators achieved commercial launches years earlier despite similar infrastructural hurdles. As of October 2025, pilot testing emphasizes urban high-density zones, but full-scale implementation timelines remain contingent on resolving legacy network bottlenecks and securing additional foreign equipment amid U.S. export restrictions on Chinese vendors like .

Services and operations

Mobile voice and data offerings

Djezzy's mobile services emphasize prepaid offerings, which dominate the Algerian market due to the low (ARPU) environment, where consumers favor flexible, reloadable plans over fixed subscriptions. Prepaid bundles, known as "forfaits," typically combine voice minutes, allowances, and packs, with many including unlimited calls to other Djezzy numbers to promote intra-network usage and retention. Examples include starter packs costing around 300 DA with initial credit and minimal , scaling to comprehensive 30-day options providing 50-150 GB of , thousands of DA in calling credit, and limited international minutes for prices like 3,000 DA. These structures adapt to affordability constraints by offering tiered reloads and bonuses, such as additional on-net minutes or cross-network allowances, amid ongoing price competition that has historically pressured ARPU downward. Postpaid plans, branded under lines like Djezzy Legend, cater primarily to business users and include unlimited domestic voice calls and , alongside flexible quotas and international calling options. Tariffs for these services, including roaming bundles, are subject to by the Autorité de Régulation de la Poste et des Communications Électroniques (ARPCE), ensuring standardized rates for voice and across operators. Enterprise roaming packages, for example, provide allotments from 100 MB to 2 GB paired with voice minutes, priced progressively higher to reflect usage abroad, such as 2,000 DA for basic 100 MB access. This segmentation reflects a shift from aggressive, disruption-oriented pricing in Djezzy's earlier competitive phase—characterized by low entry barriers and volume-driven growth—to more stabilized, regulated models post-2022 , balancing revenue sustainability with market accessibility. Data-centric innovations within voice-data bundles have included aggressive pricing to boost adoption, such as high-volume packs exceeding 40 GB combined with unlimited voice, addressing and low-income dynamics while maintaining profitability through on-net incentives.

Digital and value-added services

Djezzy offers digital services such as the Djezzy App, enabling subscribers to manage accounts, perform actions like recharges and balance checks without physical visits to outlets, launched as part of efforts to digitize customer interactions. Complementing this, E-Flexy provides secure electronic payments for prepaid credits using cards via partnered platforms like SATIM and Algerie Poste, facilitating easier top-ups in Algeria's cash-reliant . FlexyNet allows subscribers to transfer internet data volumes to other Djezzy subscribers, with unlimited transfers permitted and the transferred volume valid for 24 to 48 hours. These tools represent initial steps, though comprehensive mobile wallets remain constrained by regulations favoring state postal services; Djezzy has piloted broader concepts, including co-hosting Algeria's inaugural Mobile Money forum with the to explore expansions. In content delivery, Djezzy integrates value-added entertainment through partnerships with global media firms. The December 2024 launch of Twinbox, co-developed with Algerie Telecom, bundles streaming access to beIN Media Group's TOD platform—featuring live , , and series—with Djezzy mobile and plans, aiming to enhance digital consumption via a dedicated device. This extends to content availability across select Djezzy subscriptions, providing on-demand Arabic programming tied to data packages. Such offerings leverage Djezzy's network to monetize data usage amid rising demand for over-the-top services. For enterprise-focused digital infrastructure, Djezzy's sovereign initiative targets B2B markets with localized and , positioned as a high-value alternative to foreign providers to support national . Nominated for WSIS Prizes in 2023, the program underscores ambitions to lead Algeria's public sector, projected to grow significantly through 2029. Following 2022 nationalization, these developments increasingly feature state collaborations, reflecting a shift toward aligned priorities over independent private .

Customer base and subscriber growth

Djezzy's subscriber base originated at 315,040 customers in upon its launch as Orascom Telecom Algeria, expanding rapidly through aggressive network rollout and competitive pricing to achieve several million users by the mid-2000s. This momentum propelled the operator to a peak of 18.6 million subscribers by , capitalizing on 's rising mobile penetration and underserved rural-urban demand. Regulatory disputes and infrastructure delays, including postponed 3G licensing, contributed to a contraction, with the base dropping to 14.9 million by the end of amid intensified competition and service disruptions. Recovery ensued following resolution of ownership issues, reaching 16 million subscribers by late 2018 through targeted reactivation campaigns and migrations. Under full Algerian state control from mid-2022, subscriber additions accelerated, growing 8% year-on-year to 16.2 million by mid-2024, driven by expanded coverage and data-centric bundles appealing to high-usage segments. The base further climbed to nearly 17 million by 2024, reflecting steady net gains despite potential churn pressures from pricing regulations, with loyalty bolstered by improvements documented in customer studies. The core customer demographic skews toward urban dwellers and younger users, who constitute a majority of Algeria's mobile data consumers and fuel growth via smartphone adoption and migration-fueled urban density. Post-acquisition retention has emphasized affordability mandates alongside network reliability, mitigating outflows even as prior foreign-led innovations waned amid ownership transitions.

Market position

As of December 31, 2024, Djezzy's subscriber base reached nearly 17 million, reflecting annual growth amid a competitive and saturated Algerian mobile market totaling over 54 million connections. By the second quarter of 2025, this figure expanded to 17.4 million subscribers, a 7.7% year-over-year increase driven by demand for data services and network expansions, though representing stabilization rather than the aggressive expansion seen in its earlier private ownership phase under VEON. This positions Djezzy with approximately 30.8-31% market share, trailing state-backed Mobilis but ahead of , in a market where high penetration limits potential. Revenue trends show resilience post-nationalization, with full-year 2024 sales exceeding 112 billion Algerian dinars (DZD), a 10% rise from 2023, fueled by quarterly gains such as 26.5 billion DZD in Q1 2024 (+10.7% year-over-year) and 28.8 billion DZD in Q3 2024 (+9%). Half-year 2024 revenue hit 54.4 billion DZD, up 9.4%, with data monetization offsetting voice declines, yet (ARPU) remains pressured at around 518 DZD monthly in recent quarters, reflecting regulatory price caps and competitive discounting that erode margins compared to freer private-era dynamics. Projections indicate tempered growth, with the broader Algerian mobile network operator (MNO) market—where Djezzy operates—forecast at a 1.86% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) through 2030, reaching USD 2.94 billion, constrained by market saturation, state interventions, and limited incentives for innovation under majority Algerian state influence since 2020. This contrasts with higher capital expenditure yields during Djezzy's foreign-private phase, when subscriber acquisition and infrastructure returns were amplified by market liberalization; current capex, such as 10.6 billion DZD in Q2 2025 for 4G enhancements, sustains coverage but yields stabilized, lower-growth profitability amid bureaucratic oversight. Overall telecom service revenue CAGR for Algeria is pegged even lower at 0.5% through 2029, underscoring how state control prioritizes access over efficiency-driven expansion.

Competitive landscape with Mobilis and Ooredoo Algeria

The Algerian mobile telecommunications market operates as a triopoly dominated by three operators: state-owned Mobilis (Algérie Télécom Mobile), Djezzy (Optimum Télécom Algérie), and (Wataniya Télécom Algérie). As of Q4 2024, Mobilis held approximately 42.6% of subscribers with 23.1 million lines, Djezzy around 30.5% with 16.5 million, and Ooredoo about 26.8% with 14.5 million, reflecting Mobilis's lead bolstered by its integration with national fixed-line infrastructure. This structure has fostered rivalry through service differentiation and infrastructure investments, though state influence has historically skewed advantages toward Mobilis. Prior to Djezzy's partial in 2022, the operator—then majority-controlled by foreign investor VEON—distinguished itself through aggressive innovation and rapid network expansions, often outpacing rivals in urban services and customer acquisition. Djezzy's private ownership enabled nimbler decision-making, allowing it to achieve coverage reaching 95.2% of the population by mid-2025 via targeted investments exceeding 10.6 billion Algerian dinars in Q2 alone, compared to Mobilis's broader but slower rural synergies via fixed-mobile convergence. , with its Qatari backing, focused on premium digital offerings but lagged in scale, while Mobilis benefited from implicit state prioritization in rural rollout and regulatory leniency, limiting pure merit-based . Spectrum allocations have reinforced competitive tensions, with the regulator granting additional 900 MHz bandwidth to all three operators in November 2021 to support enhancements, yet Mobilis's state ties facilitated earlier access to low-band frequencies for nationwide propagation. Pricing wars ensued, particularly in data bundles, where Djezzy's pre-nationalization edge in affordable high-speed plans pressured Mobilis to match tariffs despite its cost advantages from public subsidies, while targeted higher-ARPU segments with bundled international . These dynamics highlighted Djezzy's coverage superiority in dense metropolitan areas, where it outperformed Mobilis in urban penetration metrics. The 2022 nationalization of Djezzy, through which the Algerian state acquired a majority stake from VEON, diminished the operator's prior agility, aligning it more closely with bureaucratic oversight akin to Mobilis and eroding differentiation in strategic investments. This shift has converged competitive strategies toward state-directed priorities like universal access, potentially stifling as Djezzy faces parity in without its former private incentives, while Mobilis retains favoritism through entrenched fixed-line synergies and influence. , as the sole remaining foreign-majority player, continues to compete on but risks isolation in a landscape increasingly favoring domestic control.

Economic contributions and investment impacts

Djezzy, as Algeria's second-largest mobile operator, has generated significant direct , with its workforce numbering between 1,001 and 5,000 employees as of mid-2024, contributing to job creation in the sector amid broader economic diversification efforts. The company's substantial capital expenditures, including DZD 10.6 billion invested in the second quarter of 2025 alone—a 70.3% increase from the prior year—have supported infrastructure development that bolsters the by expanding network capacity and service accessibility. These private-led investments, originating from (FDI) under Orascom Telecom's initial ownership since 2001, accelerated mobile penetration and data usage, indirectly aiding GDP growth through enhanced productivity in non-hydrocarbon sectors. Infrastructure investments by Djezzy have produced spillovers benefiting competitors, including state-owned Mobilis and , by establishing benchmarks for coverage and that rivals emulated to maintain market viability. For instance, Djezzy's early network expansions pressured incumbents to upgrade fixed and mobile assets, fostering overall sector efficiency despite limited direct sharing. Foreign in Algerian telecom, which accounted for approximately 60% of inflows in the sector prior to increased state control, exemplified how FDI could drive competitive emulation and , contrasting with 's broader FDI concentration in extractives at 61% of total investments. The progressive of Djezzy—beginning with the government's acquisition of a 51% stake for $2.64 billion in and culminating in the National Investment Fund's purchase of an additional 45.57% for DZD 102 billion in 2024, raising to 96.57%—yielded short-term fiscal gains for the Algerian but signaled heightened risks of equity dilution to prospective investors. This process, including a $1.3 billion fine settled in , crystallized perceptions among market analysts that foreign stakes in strategic assets remain vulnerable, elevating the and deterring new FDI in telecom and adjacent sectors. Long-term, such actions undermine the causal incentives for private capital inflows essential to sustaining infrastructure upgrades and economic diversification, as evidenced by Algeria's persistent lag in attracting non-extractive FDI relative to regional peers.

Controversies and criticisms

In late 2009, Algerian tax authorities issued a final assessment against Djezzy (Orascom Telecom Algerie, or OTA) for approximately $597 million in back taxes and penalties covering the years 2005-2007, prompting OTA to pay the principal amount to pursue an administrative appeal. The appeal was rejected in March 2010, despite OTA's contention that the claims involved retroactive application of tax rules not in effect during the assessed periods. Subsequent provisional reassessments followed, including one in September 2010 for $230 million related to 2008-2009 operations, escalating the total disputed liabilities. By 2012, the cumulative claims had ballooned to around $1.25 billion, encompassing additional fines and penalties, with Algerian courts repeatedly postponing OTA's appeals—such as a May 2012 hearing delayed to late that month—effectively using procedural delays as leverage amid parallel efforts to compel a transfer of ownership to state-linked entities. OTA's parent, Orascom Telecom Holding (OTH), responded by initiating in April 2012 under the 1991 Egypt-Algeria (BIT), administered by UNCITRAL rules, alleging violations of fair and equitable treatment standards, including discriminatory measures and expropriatory pressures tantamount to forced . The claims highlighted how successive reassessments disregarded prior filings and stability assurances, prioritizing state revenue extraction over consistent legal application for foreign investors. The disputes culminated in a 2014 settlement after VimpelCom (OTH's acquirer) agreed to sell 51% of Djezzy to an state investment fund for $2.6 billion, alongside OTA paying a $1.3 billion fine to the Bank of and suspending the BIT ; this resolved all claims but transferred effective control to Algerian interests. In the parallel ICSID proceeding (ARB/12/35), a May 2017 award dismissed Orascom's claims as inadmissible, citing jurisdictional limits under the BIT, with prevailing on subsequent annulment challenges in 2020, underscoring empirical patterns where retroactive fiscal demands and outcomes favored host-state assertions over investor protections. These episodes illustrate systemic use of enforcement to renegotiate , eroding predictability in 's investment regime despite formal dispute mechanisms.

Regulatory fines for network performance

In October 2020, the Autorité de Régulation de la Poste et des Communications Électroniques (ARPCE), Algeria's telecommunications regulator, imposed financial penalties on Djezzy (Optimum Télécom Algérie) and its competitors Mobilis and Ooredoo for failing to meet 4G coverage obligations. Djezzy received the highest fine of 82,580,952.38 Algerian dinars (approximately US$640,760 at the time), reflecting its identification as having the weakest network coverage among the operators during evaluations conducted from February to March 2020 in five wilayas: Adrar, Blida, Constantine, Djelfa, and Tlemcen. The sanctions followed prior warnings issued earlier in 2020 for similar deficiencies, with Djezzy's compliance rate falling short of the mandated thresholds, such as achieving only 19.6% coverage in Adrar against a required 30%. This pattern of enforcement continued, as ARPCE's controls revealed persistent shortfalls despite operator commitments to rectify issues. In October 2021, the regulator issued formal notices to Djezzy and the others to enhance mobile coverage and (QoS) along national roads, where evaluations showed breaches of license terms, though specific fines were not detailed in that instance beyond warnings and required improvements. On October 23, 2024, ARPCE again sanctioned Djezzy with a fine of 82,026,182.13 Algerian dinars following a nationwide campaign assessing , , and networks, which identified ongoing non-conformities with coverage and QoS standards outlined in the operators' cahier des charges. This penalty, lower than Mobilis's but part of a total exceeding 1 billion dinars across operators, underscored repeated failures to deliver reliable service despite regulatory mandates and prior penalties, with ARPCE emphasizing user protection through stricter adherence. These actions by ARPCE highlight a regulatory focus on enforcing empirical performance metrics, as Djezzy's recurrent fines correlate with documented underperformance relative to peers.

Broader implications for foreign investment in Algeria

The protracted disputes involving Djezzy, culminating in the Algerian state's acquisition of VEON's 45.57% stake in 2022 for $682 million, exemplify resource nationalism's deterrent effect on (FDI) in non-extractive sectors like . Such interventions, framed as safeguarding national interests, have prompted capital outflows, as foreign stakeholders exercise exit options amid regulatory pressures and valuation disputes, signaling heightened risks to potential investors. This pattern contributes to Algeria's FDI concentration in hydrocarbons, comprising 61% of inflows, while services like telecom receive minimal commitments due to perceived expropriation threats. In the telecom domain, these dynamics have fostered delayed technological adoption, with Algeria's rollout postponed for years owing to bureaucratic and interventionist hurdles, contrasting with regional peers. Government-mandated interventions erode investor confidence in committing capital for upgrades, as evidenced by stalled network expansions and reliance on state-directed fiber deployments over private-led . Sector growth consequently lags, with penetration hampered by instability that discourages the foreign expertise and funding essential for rapid scaling, perpetuating inefficiencies in a market where private incentives historically drive faster deployment. Comparatively, 's telecom evolution under stable FDI frameworks, such as Orascom Telecom's foundational role, yielded superior outcomes, including higher penetration rates and diversified services without equivalent state seizures. Orascom's model attracted sustained investment, enabling to capture significant MENA FDI shares—up to 29% in peak years—through contractual security that incentivized long-term commitments absent in Algeria's adversarial approach. This disparity underscores how private-oriented regimes outperform nationalist controls in fostering sector maturation, as Algeria's post-dispute environment continues to exhibit lower FDI responsiveness despite liberalization rhetoric. Following the 2022 state consolidation of Djezzy control, reversed incentives risk amplifying mismanagement, mirroring Algeria's hydrocarbon-dependent stagnation where interventionism correlates with subdued non-oil growth. Increased may prioritize short-term fiscal extraction over operational efficiency, deterring reinvestment and echoing broader economic inertia, as evidenced by persistent low diversification amid global FDI rebounds elsewhere in . Without reforms addressing causal risks like arbitrary valuations, Algeria's telecom FDI pipeline remains constrained, perpetuating a cycle where yields suboptimal and deficits.

References

  1. https://www.zoominfo.com/c/djezzy/351206041
  2. https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/djezzy
  3. https://app.dealroom.co/companies/djezzy
  4. https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsAFCON/2021/41027.aspx
  5. https://developingtelecoms.com/business/deals/operators/5703-vimpelcom-closes-djezzy-deal-with-algerian-government.html
  6. https://martini.ai/pages/research/Djezzy-b5c07308c0d240a95641415135401b5b
  7. https://www.highperformr.ai/company/djezzy
  8. https://extensia.tech/algeria-towards-the-ipo-of-the-telecoms-company-djezzy/
  9. https://jusmundi.com/en/document/decision/en-orascom-tmt-investments-s-a-r-l-v-peoples-democratic-republic-of-algeria-award-wednesday-31st-may-2017
  10. https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Company/algeria06.html
  11. https://www.orange.eg/en/about/investors/Documents/2007Annual_Report.pdf
  12. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1468091/000119312512194968/d339641d20f.htm
  13. https://www.orange.eg/en/about/investors/Documents/2005Annual_Report.pdf
  14. https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/downArticle/20/8/26/10304
  15. https://www.meed.com/algeria-growth-market/
  16. https://www.meed.com/orascom-telecoms-tax-appeal-rejected-by-algeria/
  17. https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE6260FH/
  18. https://www.reuters.com/article/business/algeria-says-tax-claim-on-orascom-tel-is-not-final-idUSLDE69K1EK/
  19. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-11-18/orascom-sees-algeria-arbitration-in-second-quarter-without-deal
  20. https://www.reuters.com/article/djezzy-algeria-appeal-idINL5E8FT1LS20120429
  21. https://www.reuters.com/article/business/finance/djezzy-appeal-over-13-bln-fine-postponed-again-idUSJOE846014/
  22. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-05-28/orascom-telecom-retreats-after-algeria-court-upholds-djezzy-fine
  23. https://www.meed.com/algeria-closing-out-international-business
  24. https://www.veon.com/fileadmin/user_upload/investors/reports/2014/investor-presentation-algeria-resolution-april-18-final.pdf
  25. https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/operator-news/5249-vimpelcom-sells-51-of-djezzy-algeria.html
  26. https://www.veon.com/newsroom/press-releases/veon-announces-the-exercise-of-its-put-option-to-sell-its-stake-in-djezzy
  27. https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1468091/000119312516525094/d194450dex992.htm
  28. https://allafrica.com/stories/201305200775.html
  29. https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/algeria/2014-report/economy/the-recent-3g-launch-will-deepen-the-market-for-mobile-services
  30. https://www.veon.com/newsroom/press-releases/veon-completes-the-sale-of-djezzy-receiving-usd-682-million
  31. https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/veon-sells-its-stake-algerian-unit-682-mln-2022-08-05/
  32. https://www.globenewswire.com/fr/news-release/2022/08/05/2492984/0/en/VEON-completes-the-sale-of-Djezzy-receiving-USD-682-million.html
  33. https://algeriainvest.com/premium-news/telephonie-mobile-djezzy-investit-106-milliards-de-da-au-2e-trimestre
  34. https://www.algeriainvest.com/premium-news/telephonie-mobile-hausse-des-investissements-de-djezzy-de-385-en-2023
  35. https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmgsites/dz/pdf/insights/guide-investir-en-algerie-2025-en.pdf.coredownload.inline.pdf
  36. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/am/pii/S0308596124000582
  37. https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/algeria-telecom-market
  38. https://futures.issafrica.org/special-reports/guide.pdf?report=country/algeria&topic=12-algerian-dream
  39. https://www.euromoney.com/article/27bjsstsqxhkmh0iym90p/orascoms-sawiris-a-very-modern-tale-of-corporate-finance/
  40. https://www.academia.edu/10733854/Orascom_Telecom_Risks_of_Internationalization
  41. https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/out-of-africa-the-egyptian-telecoms-challenger/
  42. https://www.reuters.com/article/world/second-wind-for-egyptian-telco-tycoon-sawiris-idUSBRE8AQ0OO/
  43. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2005-05-26/orascom-s-sawirises-plot-europe-s-largest-buyout
  44. https://www.africanlawbusiness.com/news/5382-african-telecoms-boom-continues-with-algerian-expansion/
  45. https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/operator-news/5411-algerian-government-agrees-to-djezzy-stake-price.html
  46. https://www.reuters.com/article/world/africa/algeria-denies-putting-pressure-on-orascom-telecom-idUSLDE68M17O/
  47. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement/cases/493/orascom-v-algeria
  48. https://www.reuters.com/article/markets/commodities/algerian-court-fines-djezzy-ceo-125-bln-source-idUSL6E8ES7AK/
  49. https://www.telecompaper.com/news/orascom-fined-usd-13-bln-for-forex-violations-in-algeria--864473
  50. https://www.wsj.com/articles/russias-vimpelcom-sells-51-stake-in-algerias-djezzy-ending-long-dispute-1397846985
  51. https://www.samenacouncil.org/samena_daily_news?news=51816
  52. https://www.veon.com/fileadmin/user_upload/investors/reports/2022/veon-ltd-q3-2022.pdf
  53. https://www.africanlawbusiness.com/news/14826-algeria-defeats-orascom-in-latest-battle-over-djezzy/
  54. https://www.ecofinagency.com/telecom/0407-43709-algeria-acquires-an-additional-45-57-stake-in-2nd-market-leader-djezzy
  55. https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/operator-news/13704-fni-takes-control-of-veon-s-djezzy-stake.html
  56. https://algeriainvest.com/premium-news/un-nouveau-dg-pour-djezzy
  57. https://extensia.tech/algeria-boumediene-senoussi-new-ceo-of-the-telephone-operator-djezzy/
  58. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/87612/1/670500690.pdf
  59. https://www.ema-germany.org/media/publ/lp/dz/Economist_intelligence_unit__Report_2013_Algerien.pdf
  60. https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-05039781/document
  61. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384592775_foreign_investment_Crises_in_Algeria_and_its_circumstantial_challenges
  62. https://portal.powertec.com.au/industry-resources/companies/djezzy
  63. https://www.unlockonline.com/mobilenetworks/algeria/djezzy.html
  64. https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/algeria/2016-report/economy/gathering-speed-new-wireless-and-fibre-optic-infrastructure-boosts-internet-connectivity-and-a-new-law-promises-to-shake-up-the-sector
  65. https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-technology/wireless-networks/10867-algeria-to-prioritise-improving-4g-over-launching-5g.html
  66. https://prepaid-data-sim-card.fandom.com/wiki/Algeria
  67. https://algeriainvest.com/en/premium-news/pour-renforcer-son-reseau-djezzy-investit-46-milliards-da-au-1er-trimestre-de-lannee-en-cours
  68. https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/telecom-regulation/10080-algeria-issues-operator-fines-for-weak-4g-coverage.html
  69. http://www.developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/telecom-regulation/10080-algeria-issues-operator-fines-
  70. https://www.arpce.dz/en/file/i1w3o5
  71. https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/reports/algeria/2018-report/economy/expanding-network-a-rapid-increase-in-4g-backed-by-expanding-subscribership
  72. https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-digital/0407-47565-algeria-awards-commercial-5g-licenses
  73. https://www.telecompaper.com/news/algeria-awards-commercial-5g-licenses-to-3-mobile-operators--1541482
  74. https://algeriainvest.com/premium-news/djezzy-entre-dans-lere-de-la-5g-lancement-des-premieres-offres-commerciales-dans-trois-mois
  75. https://techafricanews.com/2024/12/16/djezzy-and-algeria-telecom-forge-strategic-partnership-to-enhance-service-quality/
  76. https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-services/1509-48703-algerie-telecom-reaches-2-5-million-fiber-optic-subscribers-a-milestone-in-the-nation-s-digital-transformation
  77. https://www.ecofinagency.com/news-digital/2608-48157-algeria-orders-full-mobile-coverage-on-roads-after-rising-accidents
  78. https://www.operatorwatch.com/2025/06/rising-demand-and-competition-in.html
  79. https://meatechwatch.com/2025/10/01/algeria-prepares-for-5g-launch-as-minister-highlights-digital-innovation/
  80. https://www.traveltomtom.net/destinations/africa/algeria/sim-card-algeria
  81. https://gigago.com/algeria-sim-card/
  82. https://www.samenacouncil.org/samena_daily_news?news=70538
  83. https://speed.is/dz/djezzy/
  84. https://www.djezzy.dz/particuliers/offres/forfaits-roaming-entreprise/
  85. https://www.samenacouncil.org/samena_daily_news?news=68205
  86. https://planspapa.com/offer/djezzy-internet-offers-algeria/
  87. https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.djezzy.internet&hl=en_US
  88. https://moncompte.djezzy.dz/en/eflexy/terms/
  89. https://www.djezzy.dz/particuliers/offres/flexy-net/
  90. https://www.djezzy.dz/mobilemoneyforum
  91. https://www.telecompaper.com/news/algerie-telecom-djezzy-launch-twinbox-streaming-device-with-bein-media-content--1522159
  92. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/scottweeman_djezzy-algeria-twinbox-activity-7307692562847293440-C325
  93. https://www.itu.int/net4/wsis/stocktaking/Prizes/2025/Details/16703354279429249
  94. https://www.telecomschamber.org/industry-news/algeria-mobile-operator-djezzy-launches-into-the-cloud-market/
  95. https://www.ceicdata.com/en/algeria/telephones-statistics/telephones-cellular-no-of-subscribers-orascom-telecom-algeria-djezzy
  96. https://www.veon.com/fileadmin/user_upload/investors/reports/2015/vip_4q14_earnings_release-final.pdf
  97. https://www.asokoinsight.com/content/market-insights/africa-top-mobile-telco-operators
  98. https://www.arabnews.com/node/1416776/business-economy
  99. https://www.ecofinagency.com/telecom/2308-45802-algeria-s-djezzy-revenue-surges-9-4-in-h1-2024-amid-continued-growth
  100. https://www.algeriainvest.com/premium-news/un-bilan-2024-positif-pour-djezzy
  101. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360616835_The_impact_of_Djezzy_service_quality_in_reaching_the_Customer%27s_loyalty_Case_study_of_a_sample_from_Djezzy_customers_-Laghouat-
  102. https://korhogoagency.com/algeria/
  103. https://msijournal.com/the-use-of-smartphones-among-young-people/
  104. https://extensia.tech/top-10-african-countries-by-number-of-mobile-phone-subscriptions/
  105. https://www.africanwirelesscomms.com/news-details?itemid=7755
  106. https://www.algeriainvest.com/premium-news/telephonie-mobile-djezzy-investit-44-milliards-da-au-cours-du-3eme-trimestre-2024
  107. https://www.samenacouncil.org/samena_daily_news?news=70512
  108. https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/algeria-telecom-operators-intelligence-report-134800582.html
  109. https://www.arpce.dz/en/file/n2y1m3
  110. https://developingtelecoms.com/telecom-business/telecom-regulation/12383-algeria-grants-mobilis-djezzy-and-ooredoo-additional-900mhz-spectrum.html
  111. https://webdo.tn/en/actualite/international/algeria-nationalized-the-telecoms-sector/389534/
  112. https://tracxn.com/d/companies/djezzy/__2c77Ms1U8jY9UYIHpZDIzImY6-TqAKiyu23bq_eNiK8
  113. https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/downArticle/598/7/2/253209
  114. https://www.algeriainvest.com/premium-news/djezzy-le-fni-a-debourse-102-milliards-da-pour-le-rachat-des-actions-de-veon
  115. https://www.verdict.co.uk/analyst-comment/djezzy-veon-algeria-telecom/
  116. https://www.ft.com/content/fb5a51bb-ff57-3ae3-8ee0-8c5729e8a094
  117. https://thearabweekly.com/algeria-lags-behind-neighbours-attracting-foreign-investment
  118. https://www.spglobal.com/ratings/en/regulatory/article/-/view/type/HTML/id/758459
  119. https://www.reuters.com/article/business/djezzy-appeal-over-13-billion-fine-postponed-again-idUSBRE84509Q/
  120. https://globalarbitrationreview.com/algeria-settles-tizzy-over-djezzy
  121. https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-dispute-settlement/cases/460/oth-v-algeria
  122. https://www.arpce.dz/fr/pub/v7u0q9
  123. https://www.agenceecofin.com/operateur/0405-76278-algerie-djezzy-ooredoo-et-mobilis-interpelles-par-l-arpce-pour-non-respect-des-obligations-de-couverture-4g
  124. https://www.telecompaper.com/news/algerian-regulator-tells-operators-to-improve-mobile-coverage-qos-on-countrys-roads--1402222
  125. https://www.arpce.dz/fr/pub/k8s8q1
  126. https://www.tsa-algerie.com/telephonie-mobile-amendes-records-pour-mobilis-ooredoo-et-djezzy/
  127. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/algeria-telecoms-mobile-broadband-statistics-132300028.html
  128. https://www.budde.com.au/Research/Algeria-Telecoms-Mobile-and-Broadband-Statistics-and-Analyses
  129. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/394907172_Navigating_Algeria%27s_Investment_Landscape_Opportunities_and_Challenges_in_Foreign_Direct_Investment_Laboratory_of_Economic_and_Human_Development_in_Algeria_DEHALG
  130. https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2022/04/how-huaweis-localization-in-north-africa-delivered-mixed-returns?lang=en
  131. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2024/01/oecd-review-of-foreign-direct-investment-statistics-egypt_6b044bc3/3c5301b0-en.pdf
  132. https://lexafrica.com/2024/07/navigating-the-landscape-of-fdi-in-algeria/
  133. https://bti-project.org/en/reports/country-report/DZA
  134. https://unctad.org/publication/world-investment-report-2025
Add your contribution
Related Hubs
User Avatar
No comments yet.