In the field of electronics, the EF50 is an early all-glass wideband remote cutoff pentode designed in 1938 by Philips. It was a landmark in the development of vacuum tube technology, departing from construction techniques that were largely unchanged from light bulb designs. Initially used in television receivers, it quickly gained a vital role in British radar, and great efforts were made to secure a continuing supply of the device as Holland fell in World War II.

The EF50 tube is a 9-pin Loctal-socket device with short internal wires to nine short chromium-iron pins. The short wiring was key to making it suitable for Very High Frequency (VHF) use.

Early vacuum tubes were built using light bulb techniques, which had been highly automated by the 1920s. In a standard light bulb of the era, the tungsten filament was supported on two metal rods, which were fastened together by inserting them into a glass tube and then heating the glass and squeezing it flat with the rods inside. The resulting support was known as the "glass pinch". The pinch was then inserted into a larger glass envelope, the bulb itself, welded, and then fit with a metal cap for the electrical connections.

For vacuum tube use, little was changed, with the various internal components supported on rods which passed through the pinch. As tubes grew in complexity, the number of leads also grew. Since light bulb sizes were standardized, all of these had to pass through the same pinch, which placed them increasingly close to each other. This led to increased capacitance, which limited the tube's ability to work at high frequencies. To address this, to some degree at least, it became somewhat common to attach the control grid leads to a metal button at the top of the tube rather than the bottom, but this made construction much more complex, as well as making connections in radio sets more difficult as they could no longer be on a single circuit board.

Through the early 1930s, a number of companies experimented with metal tubes, using a variety of sealing methods. These worked well, but tended to be rather large and were never able to be successfully mass-produced at low cost. RCA continued experiments with all-glass tubes and introduced their "acorn" (or "door knob") tubes late in 1934. These were essentially two half-tubes that were assembled separately, carefully folded together, and then sealed along the centerline. Despite using low-cost materials and construction, the manual assembly led to high costs. In Germany, Telefunken introduced the "Stahlröhre" (~steel tube) with its own issues.

Philips had been working from 1934 to 1935 on an alternative that would solve the problems of the other base designs, in a system that could be produced cheaply and in large quantities. A presentation by M.J.O. Strutt from the tube development group at Philips Research at the first "Internationale Fernseh-Tagung in Zürich" (international television conference in Zürich) described their work in September 1938. A few months later, Professor J.L.H. Jonker, who had a leading role in the development of the EF50, published an internal Philips Research Technical Note, Titled: "New radio Tube Constructions". Jonker's role was confirmed decades later by Th. P. Tromp, head of radio-valve manufacturing and production: "Prof. Dr. Jonker (head of development lab of electronic valves in the mid-thirties) was the originator of the EF50. This development started as early as 1934–1935. It was, indeed, developed in view of possible television application."

Their first attempts faced problems due to the mechanical loads of the connection pins. If they used leads that were strong enough to be pushed into a conventional socket, these were large enough that the holes in the glass plate greatly reduced the plate's physical strength, and cracking was a serious problem. Thinner wires would solve this problem, but these proved difficult to connect to in the socket, and the tubes tended to disconnect when jolted. The solution was to use bent pins, which exited the bottom of the tube and were then bent through a 90 degree arc toward the center of the tube's base. These were used with a special socket; when pressed in and rotated slightly, the pins locked into place.

With this problem solved, the team then turned to consider whether the top control grid connection could be eliminated, as it had been in the RCA acorns. This was easy enough to do electrically, but Philips had already taken to using the metal cap on the electrode as a convenient place to hide the gas evacuation tube, used during the final steps of construction. They developed a way to weld the tube into the base plate instead of the top of the tube, but this left the tube projecting from the bottom, where it could be easily snapped off. The solution to this was a metal shell that was fit onto the bottom of the tube at the end of construction, covering the evacuation tube while allowing the connection pins to project through holes. This was known as "the metal trouser".