Edlington is a town and civil parish in the City of Doncaster, South Yorkshire, England, lying to the south west of Doncaster and Warmsworth. It has a population of 8,276. The original parish town of Edlington is now known as Old Edlington; adjacent, and to the north, is New Edlington. It is often referred to by locals as 'Edlo'. Since 1974 Edlington has been part of the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster in the metropolitan county of South Yorkshire. It had, since 1894, formed part of Doncaster Rural District in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

During the final stages of the last Ice Age, a period known as the Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Periods, Edlington was a place of settlement for the Palaeolithic groups of early nomadic humans. The groups had followed the improving climate northwards as the ice sheets covering Europe retreated. In 2003 the South Yorkshire Archaeological Survey found compelling evidence that these early groups of humans had been using caves and natural outcrops in Edlington wood as shelters and bases for hunting. Quantities of flint tools from the period were unearthed near to a rock shelter in the wood. During the period in which the tools can be dated, the landscape of the area was a vast, treeless tundra, with forestation occurring only as late into the period as 7500 BC.^{[citation needed]}

Edlington, along with the areas known locally as Rossington, Bawtry and Hatfield are the only areas within Doncaster that show these early signs of human occupation.

The name Edlington which pre-dates the Norman conquest is evidence of some former consequence: /Kpniinj tun, the town of the Atheling. The Atheling being an Old English term (æþeling) used in Anglo-Saxon England to designate Princes of the Royal Dynasty who were eligible for the Kingship. Variations such as Ætheling, Atheling or Etheling appear in many English place names, attributing land ownership to the Atheling. Local Legend holds Athlane, the Dane to be the landowner of the ancient residence in the town.

Edlington is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, which is a highly detailed survey and valuation of all the land held by the King William I and his chief tenants, along with all the resources that went with the land in late 11th-century England. Edlington appears in the Domesday Book as Eilintone and Ellintone.

Among the persons named in the entry for Old Edlington were among others Aubrey de Coucy, Earl of Northumbria, Ilbert de Lacy, Roger de Busli, Walter D'Aincourt, William 1st Baron Percy and William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey.

St Peter's Church dates from the late 12th century, when the Norman style was becoming transitional, and it is considered a masterpiece of curious Norman carvings, and has a chancel arch decorated with several rows of chevrons. The upper stage of the tower and the north chapel are Perpendicular. A Norman corbel table runs along the south exterior wall, with a variety of carved figures depicting grotesque beasts and human heads. There is a similar corbel table with carved figures inside the church, between the aisle and nave. The interior has 17th-century brasses, and pillars with "basket and leaf" decoration. There is a 15th-century screen, examples of Jacobean woodwork, and a font dated 1599.

This church was declared redundant in 1962 when its parish was united with that of New Edlington, creating the new title of Old Edlington Church. After suffering years of uncertainty and vandalism, this building was the first church to be vested in the Churches Conservation Trust, then known as the Redundant Churches Fund, in 1971. In that year, the church was virtually in ruins and was extensively restored.