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South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It borders North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire to the north, the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north-east, Lincolnshire to the east, Nottinghamshire to the south-east, and Derbyshire to the south and west. The largest settlement is the city of Sheffield.
The county is largely urban, with an area of 1,552 km2 (599 sq mi) and a population of 1,392,105 in 2022. Sheffield is located in the south, with Rotherham immediately to the north-east. The city of Doncaster lies in the east, and Barnsley in the north. The far east and the west of the county are predominantly rural. For local government purposes the county comprises four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and Sheffield. They collaborate through the South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority.
The west of South Yorkshire contains part of the Peak District, an upland area and national park that is part of the Pennines. The hills are the source of the River Don, which flows east through Sheffield, Rotherham, and Doncaster. The South Yorkshire coalfield underlies Barnsley, Doncaster, and part of Sheffield, and its exploitation contributed to the development of their industry. The area between Rotherham and Doncaster is rolling arable farmland underlain by limestone, and beyond in the east of the county are the flat Humberhead Levels.
While the county of South Yorkshire was created in 1974, the history of its constituent settlements and parts goes back centuries. Prehistoric remains include a Mesolithic "house" (a circle of stones in the shape of a hut-base) dating to around 8000 BC, found at Deepcar, in the northern part of Sheffield. Evidence of even earlier inhabitation in the wider region exists about 3 miles (5 km) over the county boundary at Creswell Crags in Derbyshire, where artefacts and rock art found in caves have been dated by archaeologists to the late Upper Palaeolithic period, at least 12,800 years ago. The region was on the frontier of the Roman Empire during the Roman period.
The main settlements of South Yorkshire grew up around the industries of mining and steel manufacturing. The main mining industry was coal which was concentrated to the north and east of the county. There were also iron deposits which were mined in the area. The rivers running off the Pennines to the west of the county supported the steel industry that is concentrated in Sheffield, Stocksbridge and Rotherham. The proximity of the iron and coal also made this an ideal place for steel manufacture.
Although Christian nonconformism was never as strong in South Yorkshire as in the mill towns of West Yorkshire, there are still many Methodist and Baptist churches in the area. Also, South Yorkshire has a relatively high number of followers of spiritualism. It is the only county that counts as a full region in the Spiritualists' National Union.
The Local Government Commission for England presented draft recommendations, in December 1965, proposing a new county—York and North Midlands—roughly centred on the southern part of the West Riding of Yorkshire and northern parts of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. The review was abolished in favour of the Royal Commission on Local Government before it was able to issue a final report.
The Royal Commission's 1969 report, known as the Redcliffe-Maud Report, proposed the removal of much of the then existing system of local government. The commission described the system of administering urban and rural districts separately as outdated, noting that urban areas provided employment and services for rural dwellers, and open countryside was used by town dwellers for recreation.
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South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It borders North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire to the north, the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north-east, Lincolnshire to the east, Nottinghamshire to the south-east, and Derbyshire to the south and west. The largest settlement is the city of Sheffield.
The county is largely urban, with an area of 1,552 km2 (599 sq mi) and a population of 1,392,105 in 2022. Sheffield is located in the south, with Rotherham immediately to the north-east. The city of Doncaster lies in the east, and Barnsley in the north. The far east and the west of the county are predominantly rural. For local government purposes the county comprises four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and Sheffield. They collaborate through the South Yorkshire Mayoral Combined Authority.
The west of South Yorkshire contains part of the Peak District, an upland area and national park that is part of the Pennines. The hills are the source of the River Don, which flows east through Sheffield, Rotherham, and Doncaster. The South Yorkshire coalfield underlies Barnsley, Doncaster, and part of Sheffield, and its exploitation contributed to the development of their industry. The area between Rotherham and Doncaster is rolling arable farmland underlain by limestone, and beyond in the east of the county are the flat Humberhead Levels.
While the county of South Yorkshire was created in 1974, the history of its constituent settlements and parts goes back centuries. Prehistoric remains include a Mesolithic "house" (a circle of stones in the shape of a hut-base) dating to around 8000 BC, found at Deepcar, in the northern part of Sheffield. Evidence of even earlier inhabitation in the wider region exists about 3 miles (5 km) over the county boundary at Creswell Crags in Derbyshire, where artefacts and rock art found in caves have been dated by archaeologists to the late Upper Palaeolithic period, at least 12,800 years ago. The region was on the frontier of the Roman Empire during the Roman period.
The main settlements of South Yorkshire grew up around the industries of mining and steel manufacturing. The main mining industry was coal which was concentrated to the north and east of the county. There were also iron deposits which were mined in the area. The rivers running off the Pennines to the west of the county supported the steel industry that is concentrated in Sheffield, Stocksbridge and Rotherham. The proximity of the iron and coal also made this an ideal place for steel manufacture.
Although Christian nonconformism was never as strong in South Yorkshire as in the mill towns of West Yorkshire, there are still many Methodist and Baptist churches in the area. Also, South Yorkshire has a relatively high number of followers of spiritualism. It is the only county that counts as a full region in the Spiritualists' National Union.
The Local Government Commission for England presented draft recommendations, in December 1965, proposing a new county—York and North Midlands—roughly centred on the southern part of the West Riding of Yorkshire and northern parts of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. The review was abolished in favour of the Royal Commission on Local Government before it was able to issue a final report.
The Royal Commission's 1969 report, known as the Redcliffe-Maud Report, proposed the removal of much of the then existing system of local government. The commission described the system of administering urban and rural districts separately as outdated, noting that urban areas provided employment and services for rural dwellers, and open countryside was used by town dwellers for recreation.