Edward Rosen (12 December 1906 – 28 March 1985) was an American historian, whose main field of study was early modern science and, in particular, the work of Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler.

Edward Rosen's academic life, including his education, was spent in New York City. He graduated from the City College of New York in 1926 and he received his master's (1929) and doctoral degrees (1939) from Columbia University. He was a teacher at the City College of New York and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York until his retirement in 1977, with two interruptions: he was a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1957–1958, and at Indiana University in 1963–1964. In 1983, six years after his retirement, he was appointed Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the City University of New York.

In the course of his career, Edward Rosen published 11 books, more than 160 articles, and over 90 book reviews.