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Eleonore Baur
Eleonore Baur (7 September 1885 – 18 May 1981), also known as "Sister Pia", was an early member of the Nazi Party and the only woman known to have participated in the Munich Beer Hall Putsch.
What little is known about her life up to 1919 is based on her own testimonies in court hearings.
Eleonore Mayr was born in Bad Aibling, Bavaria. Mayr's mother died shortly after her birth and her father remarried. When she was five, Mayr moved to Munich with her father and her stepmother, who treated her badly. When she was still a child, she had to work hard. In Munich, Mayr left school aged 14 to work as a handmaid for a midwife. At 19 she gave birth to an illegitimate son named Wilhelm, whom she gave to her stepmother in order to raise him.
In 1905, Mayr moved together with a nurse friend to Cairo where she was trained as a nurse. She returned to Munich in 1907, and first worked as a private nurse, then for the "Gelbes Kreuz", an association of free nurses. According to Baur, the nurse in charge named her "Sister Pia", probably to give the impression that they were a ministry like the deaconesses or religious sisters.
In 1908 or 1909 Eleonore Mayr married Ludwig Baur, a mechanical engineer. The marriage ended in divorce after five or six years. Baur served as a nurse during World War I and then assisted the Freikorps Oberland troops during their battle against the Bavarian Soviet Republic and in the Baltic campaign in 1919. In 1923 she married for the second time, a hotel manager named Sponseil ten years her junior. This marriage also ended in divorce.
In 1919, Baur met Adolf Hitler and Anton Drexler, at that time civilians, on a tramway in Munich. Drexler helped her out with the fare, since she had no money with her. Through this incident Baur came into contact with "the movement", from then on she attended meetings in the Sterneckerbräu and was soon one of the first members of the DAP and thus the NSDAP (membership number 506). However, in 1923, she apparently left the NSDAP or was expelled from it because she had not paid membership fees.
Baur became one of the most visible Nazi figures in Munich in the spring of 1920, and was arrested on 11 March 1920 for "Incitement to class hatred" following a demonstration at a women's rally in Munich, where she injected the women should not insult the police, but rather focus on those who were to blame for all the misfortunes, namely the Jews. Her subsequent acquittal made her a hero of the Nazi movement.
Baur continued to be active in German politics, giving speeches and organising Nazi-based charitable events. She took part as a medic in the battles of the Oberland Freikorps in Silesia and was wounded during the storming of the Annaberg on May 21, 1921.
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Eleonore Baur
Eleonore Baur (7 September 1885 – 18 May 1981), also known as "Sister Pia", was an early member of the Nazi Party and the only woman known to have participated in the Munich Beer Hall Putsch.
What little is known about her life up to 1919 is based on her own testimonies in court hearings.
Eleonore Mayr was born in Bad Aibling, Bavaria. Mayr's mother died shortly after her birth and her father remarried. When she was five, Mayr moved to Munich with her father and her stepmother, who treated her badly. When she was still a child, she had to work hard. In Munich, Mayr left school aged 14 to work as a handmaid for a midwife. At 19 she gave birth to an illegitimate son named Wilhelm, whom she gave to her stepmother in order to raise him.
In 1905, Mayr moved together with a nurse friend to Cairo where she was trained as a nurse. She returned to Munich in 1907, and first worked as a private nurse, then for the "Gelbes Kreuz", an association of free nurses. According to Baur, the nurse in charge named her "Sister Pia", probably to give the impression that they were a ministry like the deaconesses or religious sisters.
In 1908 or 1909 Eleonore Mayr married Ludwig Baur, a mechanical engineer. The marriage ended in divorce after five or six years. Baur served as a nurse during World War I and then assisted the Freikorps Oberland troops during their battle against the Bavarian Soviet Republic and in the Baltic campaign in 1919. In 1923 she married for the second time, a hotel manager named Sponseil ten years her junior. This marriage also ended in divorce.
In 1919, Baur met Adolf Hitler and Anton Drexler, at that time civilians, on a tramway in Munich. Drexler helped her out with the fare, since she had no money with her. Through this incident Baur came into contact with "the movement", from then on she attended meetings in the Sterneckerbräu and was soon one of the first members of the DAP and thus the NSDAP (membership number 506). However, in 1923, she apparently left the NSDAP or was expelled from it because she had not paid membership fees.
Baur became one of the most visible Nazi figures in Munich in the spring of 1920, and was arrested on 11 March 1920 for "Incitement to class hatred" following a demonstration at a women's rally in Munich, where she injected the women should not insult the police, but rather focus on those who were to blame for all the misfortunes, namely the Jews. Her subsequent acquittal made her a hero of the Nazi movement.
Baur continued to be active in German politics, giving speeches and organising Nazi-based charitable events. She took part as a medic in the battles of the Oberland Freikorps in Silesia and was wounded during the storming of the Annaberg on May 21, 1921.