Energy drink
Energy drink
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Energy drink

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Energy drink

An energy drink is a type of non-alcoholic psychoactive functional beverage containing stimulant compounds, usually caffeine (at a higher concentration than ordinary soft drinks) and taurine, which is marketed as reducing tiredness and improving performance and concentration (marketed as "energy", but distinct from food energy). They may or may not be carbonated and may also contain sugar, as well as other sweeteners, or herbal extracts, among numerous other possible ingredients. Energy drinks are different from sugar-sweetened beverages. While both energy drinks and sugar-sweetened beverages typically contain high levels of sugar, energy drinks include stimulants like caffeine and taurine and are marketed for energy, and sugar-sweetened beverages like sodas and fruit juices usually are not.

They are a subset of the larger group of energy products, which includes bars and gels, and are distinct from sports drinks, which are advertised to enhance sports performance. There are many brands and types in this drink category.

Energy drinks have the effects of caffeine and sugar, but there is little or no evidence that the wide variety of other ingredients have any effect. Most effects of energy drinks on cognitive performance, such as increased attention and reaction speed, are primarily due to the presence of caffeine. Other studies ascribe those performance improvements to the effects of the combined ingredients.

Advertising for energy drinks usually features increased muscle strength and endurance, but there is no scientific consensus to support these claims. Energy drinks have been associated with many health risks, such as an increased rate of injury when usage is combined with alcohol, and excessive or repeated consumption can lead to cardiac and psychiatric conditions. Populations at risk for complications from energy drink consumption include youth, caffeine-naive or caffeine-sensitive, pregnant, competitive athletes and people with underlying cardiovascular disease.

Energy drinks are usually marketed to young people, emphasizing the possible stimulating effects of caffeine. The caffeine content of energy drinks is between 50 mg and 505 mg per serving, compared to 90 mg in 250ml of coffee, 50 mg in 250ml of tea, and 34 mg in 500ml of cola.

There is no reliable evidence that other ingredients in energy drinks provide further benefits, even though the drinks are frequently advertised to suggest unique benefits. Vitamins added during manufacturing, such as vitamin B12, guarana or taurine, are marketed to supply benefits, but no scientific proof exists for health benefits from ingredients in energy drinks, and numerous advisories against use of energy drinks have been published, especially for those containing caffeine.

Marketing of energy drinks has been particularly directed towards teenagers, with manufacturers sponsoring or advertising at extreme sports events and music concerts, and targeting a youthful audience through social media channels.

In 2026, the Six Continents Index collected major energy drinks from all six inhabited continents and assessed each product against a 36-criteria quality index. The framework focuses exclusively on objectively verifiable product characteristics, including caffeine quantity and declaration, sugar quantity, type, and declaration, vitamin content, pasteurisation, packaging, traceability, and label readability, among other criteria. Among its findings, 85.7% of European products were pasteurised, while 8% of North American drinks relied on artificial preservatives; European drinks also averaged 4.0 vitamins per product, compared with 2.9 in North America.

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