Energy in Russia

The Energy in Russia is an area of the national economy, science, and technology of the Russian Federation, encompassing energy resources, production, transmission, transformation, accumulation, distribution, and consumption of various types of energy.

Energy consumption across Russia in 2020 was 7,863 TWh. Russia is a leading global exporter of oil and natural gas and is the fourth highest greenhouse emitter in the world. As of September 2019, Russia adopted the Paris Agreement. In 2020, CO₂ emissions per capita were 11.2 tCO_2.

Russia has no plans to become carbon neutral before 2100 and intends to exploit fossil fuels in the Arctic for the Asian market.

Russia has been widely described as an energy superpower. It has the world's largest proven gas reserves, the second-largest coal reserves, the eighth-largest oil reserves, and the largest oil shale reserves in Europe. Russia is also a natural gas exporter, the second-largest natural gas producer, the second-largest oil producer and exporter, and the third-largest coal exporter. Russia's oil and gas production has led to deep economic relationships with the European Union, China, and former Soviet and Eastern Bloc states. During the 2010s, Russia's share of supplies to total European Union (including the United Kingdom) gas demand grew from 25% in 2009 to 32% in the weeks before the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Russia relies heavily on revenues from oil- and gas-related taxes and export tariffs, which accounted for 45% of its federal budget in January 2022. However, after the invasion of Ukraine, the EU countries sanctioned Russian fossil fuels and reduced their imports of them. This forced Russia to reorient exports towards Asia.

Russia is the world's fourth-largest electricity producer, and the ninth-largest renewable energy producer in 2019. It was also the world's first country to develop civilian nuclear power, and constructed the world's first nuclear power plant. Russia was also the world's fourth-largest nuclear energy producer in 2019, and was the fifth-largest hydroelectric producer in 2021.

Due to effects from the Russian invasion of Ukraine Russia's revenues from oil product exports had in August 2025 declined to five-year lows, contributing to Russia's economic slowdown. Acknowledging Russia's strained energy system president Vladimir Putin pointed in September 2025 to Russia's coal reserves to offset its gas shortage, insufficient infrastructure and under-developed grid economy.

Russia is rich in energy resources. Russia has the largest known natural gas reserves of any state on earth, along with the second largest coal reserves, and the eighth largest oil reserves. This is 32% of world proven natural gas reserves (23% of the probable reserves), 12% of the proven oil reserves, 10% of the explored coal reserves (14% of the estimated reserves) and 8% of the proven uranium reserves.

With recent acquisitions, Russia has gained assets in the Black Sea that may be worth trillions of dollars.^{[need quotation to verify]}