The 1937 FIBA European Championship, commonly called FIBA EuroBasket 1937, was the second FIBA EuroBasket regional basketball championship, held by FIBA. Eight national teams affiliated with the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) took part in the competition. Defending champions Latvia hosted the tournament, held in Riga.

The preliminary round consisted of the eight teams being separated into two groups of four. Each group played a round-robin format tournament, with the top two teams in each group advancing to the semifinals and the bottom two playing in the lower classification matches. Wins counted for 2 points, losses for 1 point.

Note: Egypt originally won against Italy 31–28, but due to a referee's error, FIBA declared the game null and void, and ordered a replay. Egypt objected to the ruling and did not appear for the replay before withdrawing from the tournament.

Latvia are classified third, because of scores differences between France-Poland-Latvia (Latvia has −4, Poland +2 and France +2).

The bottom four teams from the preliminary group faced off in the classification matches.

The semifinals pitted the four top teams of the preliminary round against each other. Winners advanced to the final, with the losers playing in a match for 3rd and 4th place.

1. Lithuania: Feliksas Kriaučiūnas, Pranas Talzūnas, Stasys Šačkus, Juozas Žukas, Leonas Baltrūnas, Zenonas Puzinauskas, Artūras Andrulis, Leopoldas Kepalas, Pranas Mažeika, Česlovas Daukša, Leonas Petrauskas, Eugenijus Nikolskis (Coach: Feliksas Kriaučiūnas)

2. Italy: Livio Franceschini, Ambrogio Bessi, Galeazzo Dondi, Emilio Giassetti, Giancarlo Marinelli, Camillo Marinone, Sergio Paganella, Mino Pasquini, Michele Pelliccia, Ezio Varisco