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Exile Hill
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Exile Hill
Exile Hill, sometimes referred to as Exile Peak, is an isolated hill in Cassiar Land District of northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It has an elevation of 1,890 metres (6,200 feet) and is part of the Arctic Lake Plateau or the neighbouring Spectrum Range, which are within the limits of the Tahltan Highland. Exile Hill is about 60 kilometres (37 miles) southeast of the community of Telegraph Creek in Mount Edziza Provincial Park. Access to Exile Hill is via aircraft, which are permitted to land on Mess Lake and Little Arctic Lake to the northwest and southeast, respectively.
Exile Hill is part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, which consists of diverse landforms such as shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, lava domes and cinder cones. The volcanic rocks comprising the hill are of Pliocene age and are subdivided into two geological formations that were deposited during the second magmatic cycle of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. Basalt comprises the Nido Formation whereas the younger Spectrum Formation consists of trachyte. Nearby volcanic features include Outcast Hill, Tadekho Hill, Kuno Peak, Nahta Cone and Wetalth Ridge.
The name of the hill became official on January 2, 1980, and was adopted on the National Topographic System map 104G/15 after being submitted to the BC Geographical Names office by the Geological Survey of Canada. Exile is a reference to the Wetalth, a group of seven people previously living in the area who were outcast or exiled from the Tahltans. Nahta Cone, Outcast Hill and Wetalth Ridge are extensions of the Wetalth theme. Canadian volcanologist Jack Souther labelled Exile Hill as Exile Peak on a geological map in his 1992 report, The Late Cenozoic Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia.
Exile Hill is located about 60 km (37 mi) southeast of the community of Telegraph Creek in Cassiar Land District of northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It has an elevation of 1,890 m (6,200 ft) and is part of the Arctic Lake Plateau or the neighbouring Spectrum Range, which are at the southern end of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. The volcanic complex consists of a group of overlapping shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, lava domes and cinder cones that have formed over the last 7.5 million years. Exile Hill rises above the southeastern side of Mess Creek valley and is topographically higher than its surroundings. The terrain east of Exile Hill is relatively flat, but elsewhere it is surrounded by vegetated valleys. Tadekho Creek and Nahta Creek flow through valleys north and south of Exile Hill, respectively, and are tributaries of Mess Creek.
Exile Hill is surrounded by a number of other landforms within the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. Outcast Hill, about 5 km (3.1 mi) to the northeast, is a cinder cone on an interfluve between Tadekho Creek to the south and an unnamed tributary of Tadekho Creek to the north. About 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Exile Hill is Tadekho Hill, a nearly circular volcanic cone about 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Little Arctic Lake. Kuno Peak, about 10 km (6.2 mi) to the east, is a glaciated mountain peak at the western end of a ridge extending from the southwestern end of the Spectrum Range. About 10 km (6.2 mi) south and southeast of Exile Hill are Nahta Cone and Wetalth Ridge, respectively, which are on the opposite side of Nahta Creek valley.
Exile Hill lies in Mount Edziza Provincial Park which, with an area of 266,180 hectares (657,700 acres), is one of the largest provincial parks in British Columbia. It was established in 1972 to preserve the volcanic landscape extending from Mount Edziza in the north to the Spectrum Range in the south. Mount Edziza Provincial Park is in the Tahltan Highland, a southeast-trending upland area extending along the western side of the Stikine Plateau.
As a part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, Exile Hill lies within a broad area of volcanoes and lava flows called the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, which extends from northwestern British Columbia northwards through Yukon into easternmost Alaska. The dominant rocks comprising these volcanoes are alkali basalts and hawaiites, but nephelinite, basanite and peralkaline phonolite, trachyte and comendite are locally abundant. These rocks were deposited by volcanic eruptions from 20 million years ago to as recently as a few hundred years ago. The cause of volcanic activity in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province is thought to be due to rifting of the North American Cordillera, driven by changes in relative plate motion between the North American and Pacific plates.
Exile Hill consists of Pliocene volcanic rocks that comprise two geological formations, both of which were deposited by volcanic eruptions during the second magmatic cycle of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. The oldest geological formation, the 4.4-million-year-old Nido Formation, is subdivided into two geological members; the Kounugu Member is the main geological member at Exile Hill. Alkali basalt, hawaiite and picrite are the main rocks comprising the Kounugu Member, which erupted from at least four separate eruptive centres: Swarm Peak, Vanished Peak, Lost Peak and Exile Hill. The youngest geological formation, the 3.1-million-year-old Spectrum Formation, comprises mostly comendite, pantellerite and pantelleritic trachyte that erupted from the Spectrum Dome and much smaller satellitic centres such as Exile Hill. Exile Hill is the only eruptive centre of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex known to have been active during both the Nido and Spectrum eruptive periods, but the amount of lava erupted from it remains unknown.
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Exile Hill
Exile Hill, sometimes referred to as Exile Peak, is an isolated hill in Cassiar Land District of northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It has an elevation of 1,890 metres (6,200 feet) and is part of the Arctic Lake Plateau or the neighbouring Spectrum Range, which are within the limits of the Tahltan Highland. Exile Hill is about 60 kilometres (37 miles) southeast of the community of Telegraph Creek in Mount Edziza Provincial Park. Access to Exile Hill is via aircraft, which are permitted to land on Mess Lake and Little Arctic Lake to the northwest and southeast, respectively.
Exile Hill is part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, which consists of diverse landforms such as shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, lava domes and cinder cones. The volcanic rocks comprising the hill are of Pliocene age and are subdivided into two geological formations that were deposited during the second magmatic cycle of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. Basalt comprises the Nido Formation whereas the younger Spectrum Formation consists of trachyte. Nearby volcanic features include Outcast Hill, Tadekho Hill, Kuno Peak, Nahta Cone and Wetalth Ridge.
The name of the hill became official on January 2, 1980, and was adopted on the National Topographic System map 104G/15 after being submitted to the BC Geographical Names office by the Geological Survey of Canada. Exile is a reference to the Wetalth, a group of seven people previously living in the area who were outcast or exiled from the Tahltans. Nahta Cone, Outcast Hill and Wetalth Ridge are extensions of the Wetalth theme. Canadian volcanologist Jack Souther labelled Exile Hill as Exile Peak on a geological map in his 1992 report, The Late Cenozoic Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia.
Exile Hill is located about 60 km (37 mi) southeast of the community of Telegraph Creek in Cassiar Land District of northwestern British Columbia, Canada. It has an elevation of 1,890 m (6,200 ft) and is part of the Arctic Lake Plateau or the neighbouring Spectrum Range, which are at the southern end of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. The volcanic complex consists of a group of overlapping shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, lava domes and cinder cones that have formed over the last 7.5 million years. Exile Hill rises above the southeastern side of Mess Creek valley and is topographically higher than its surroundings. The terrain east of Exile Hill is relatively flat, but elsewhere it is surrounded by vegetated valleys. Tadekho Creek and Nahta Creek flow through valleys north and south of Exile Hill, respectively, and are tributaries of Mess Creek.
Exile Hill is surrounded by a number of other landforms within the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. Outcast Hill, about 5 km (3.1 mi) to the northeast, is a cinder cone on an interfluve between Tadekho Creek to the south and an unnamed tributary of Tadekho Creek to the north. About 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Exile Hill is Tadekho Hill, a nearly circular volcanic cone about 5 km (3.1 mi) northwest of Little Arctic Lake. Kuno Peak, about 10 km (6.2 mi) to the east, is a glaciated mountain peak at the western end of a ridge extending from the southwestern end of the Spectrum Range. About 10 km (6.2 mi) south and southeast of Exile Hill are Nahta Cone and Wetalth Ridge, respectively, which are on the opposite side of Nahta Creek valley.
Exile Hill lies in Mount Edziza Provincial Park which, with an area of 266,180 hectares (657,700 acres), is one of the largest provincial parks in British Columbia. It was established in 1972 to preserve the volcanic landscape extending from Mount Edziza in the north to the Spectrum Range in the south. Mount Edziza Provincial Park is in the Tahltan Highland, a southeast-trending upland area extending along the western side of the Stikine Plateau.
As a part of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex, Exile Hill lies within a broad area of volcanoes and lava flows called the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, which extends from northwestern British Columbia northwards through Yukon into easternmost Alaska. The dominant rocks comprising these volcanoes are alkali basalts and hawaiites, but nephelinite, basanite and peralkaline phonolite, trachyte and comendite are locally abundant. These rocks were deposited by volcanic eruptions from 20 million years ago to as recently as a few hundred years ago. The cause of volcanic activity in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province is thought to be due to rifting of the North American Cordillera, driven by changes in relative plate motion between the North American and Pacific plates.
Exile Hill consists of Pliocene volcanic rocks that comprise two geological formations, both of which were deposited by volcanic eruptions during the second magmatic cycle of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. The oldest geological formation, the 4.4-million-year-old Nido Formation, is subdivided into two geological members; the Kounugu Member is the main geological member at Exile Hill. Alkali basalt, hawaiite and picrite are the main rocks comprising the Kounugu Member, which erupted from at least four separate eruptive centres: Swarm Peak, Vanished Peak, Lost Peak and Exile Hill. The youngest geological formation, the 3.1-million-year-old Spectrum Formation, comprises mostly comendite, pantellerite and pantelleritic trachyte that erupted from the Spectrum Dome and much smaller satellitic centres such as Exile Hill. Exile Hill is the only eruptive centre of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex known to have been active during both the Nido and Spectrum eruptive periods, but the amount of lava erupted from it remains unknown.
