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Făget

Făget (Romanian pronunciation: [fəˈdʒet]; Hungarian: Facsád; German: Birkendorf or Fatschet; Serbian: Фачет, romanizedFačet) is a town in Timiș County, Romania, with a population of about 6,600. The town administers ten villages: Bătești, Begheiu Mic, Bichigi, Brănești, Bunea Mare, Bunea Mică (depopulated), Colonia Mică, Jupânești, Povârgina and Temerești.

The name Făget literally means "beech forest" in Romanian.

Făget is located in the southwest of Romania, in the contact area of the Lugoj Plain with the Lugoj Hills, on the upper course of the Bega River. Within Timiș County, it is located in its eastern part, 98 km (61 mi) from Timișoara and 33 km (21 mi) from Lugoj, to which it is connected by national road 68A. The same road to the east connects the town with Deva, 68 km (42 mi) away. The town is also crossed by CFR line 212 (Lugoj–Făget–Ilia).

Făget Fortress is documented for the first time in 1548, as the property of Jakab Békés and bearing the name Fagyath. Between 1594–1602 Făget was the property of the Ban of Lugoj. In 1602 it was besieged and destroyed by the Turks, after which it fell into ruin. For 150 years it has been the subject of fierce confrontations between Romanians, Turks and Austrians, which is also confirmed by archaeological excavations. The picturesque landscape of Făget, the intense spiritual activity and its famous fairs attracted the attention of some foreign travelers who passed through Transylvania and Banat. In 1660, Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi, passing through Făget, described the medieval fortress:

It was built by a woman named Tilen... It is a square-shaped building, beautiful and strong. To the west is a gate facing the plain. It has a dizdar, three hundred chosen soldiers and enough war material; it is entirely covered with shingles, but it has no market and bazaar or anything. It is just a serhat tower.

The civilian settlement evolved along with the military fortress, becoming in a relatively short period of time the most important locality in the area. The fortress was finally demolished by the Turks in 1699. Immediately after Banat was conquered by the Austrians in 1717, Făget had only 20 houses left, but it was the center of a district with 42 communes. After this period of decline, the town began to grow again and in 1787 received the right to hold eight fairs a year. At the end of the 18th century, Johann Lehmann wrote:

Făget is a beautiful country town. The place is rich because of the animal fairs that are held here. The town is Romanian, has over 200 houses and two churches. The inn in Făget is the most beautiful and the cleanest and most spacious on the whole TimișoaraSibiu line and this inn is the property of Mrs. Soro [the wife of the commander of the Timișoara Fortress]. There are eight guest rooms in the inn. The travelers are well served, but a very expensive price.

On the same note, Italian traveler Domenico Sestini [it] noted that, at the beginning of the 19th century, Făget had "200 Romanian houses with two churches and over 30 German houses with a small but clean church, served by the Minorite monks from Lugoj". Făget was also an important connection point between Banat and Transylvania, here being a "custom house for Transylvania and Hungary".

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