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Feliciano Viera
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Feliciano Viera
Feliciano Alberto Viera Borges (8 November 1872 – 13 November 1927) was a Uruguayan political figure.
Viera was born in Salto, where he started his education at the Academy of Osimani and Llerena. When he was fifteen he went to Montevideo and entered the university. His studies were interrupted by revolutionary outbreaks, which led to his family to emigrate to Argentina. During the Presidency of Lieut.-General Tajes Viera returned and renewed his studies. At the age of 21 he obtained his degree of Bachelor and in 1898 received his degree of Advocate after presenting a thesis on "La libertad de reunion." That same year Viera's political career started when he was appointed to a post in the Council of State, which was established by the then President Cuestas. Viera resigned from this position very soon after receiving it. Later that year the Government nominated him Civil Governor and head of the Police in the Department of Artigas and in 1899 was elected Deputy for El Salto. Viera was re-elected Deputy in 1901, and during his second term, as noted by one study, he took "a prominent position in furthering important measures afterwards converted into laws which met with the approval of the Press of all parties." At the start of the 1904 revolution Viera was put under the charge of the 9th Battalion of the National guard by president José Batlle y Ordóñez. In 1905 Viera was again elected Deputy for El Salto, and one year afterwards Senator for the Department of Rivera.
He was a member of the Colorado Party and closely identified with the liberal former president José Batlle y Ordóñez, who long dominated Uruguay's political life, being a Batllista before 1903. In the 1903 election he contributed his vote to the election of Batlle, and was elected senator for Rivera. During Batlle's first term Viera was also elected by the Chamber (along with 4 other stalwart Batllistas) to the Permanent Committee which sat when the legislature wasn't in session. Also during Batlle's first presidential term, Viera has helped make possible the passage of a taxation project. The executive proposed to increase the rural land taxes by some 110,000 pesos over the 1,192,313 pesos collected in 1902–1903, but the Chamber of Deputies, as noted by one study, "was reluctant to approve the increases for next year. Now was a bad time to raise assessments; ranchers were already fearful of war; drought and plagues had ravaged the interior; the government did not need more taxes." The project was saved by a compromise by Viera. Previously the departmental administrations had received all rural land-tax collections which went beyond the amounts collected in 1898–1899; the central government only received the amount collected in that fiscal year. As noted by one study, "The Executive's project changed this: the basic property tax would remain at 6.50 pesos per 1,000 pesos of assessed value, of which the national government would receive 5.50 pesos and the administration of the department where the property was located 1 peso. Viera got the Executive to agree to a stipulation: if the 1 per 1,000 rate in a department did not produce as much total revenue as the departmental administration had received in fiscal 1902-1903 under the old system, the central government would reimburse the department for the difference. The Deputies, now that they had protected local government, reluctantly approved the increased rural land taxes."
Prior to becoming president, Viera was the campaign manager of Batlle's presidential successor Claudio Williman However, Williman vetoed Viera for a ministry, along with Domingo Arena (a close ally of Batlle's) for the Senate because, according to one study, "they were too Batllista and he wanted to keep up appearances." Viera did however serve in Batlle's second government as interior minister. This was, at that time, the most important cabinet post in the administration. Viera also served as the President of the Senate of Uruguay from 1907 to 1912.
On one occasion, the Batllistas won all the Colorado seats, 68 seats in total (compared to 21 for the Blancos), ensuring Viera's election as president. He was, according to one study, "a Colorado of tradition and a committed batllista, a man of complete confidence of Don Pepe, who could be sure that if he became president, he would carry out the party's projects and objectives." Batlle himself spoke out and poured his influence in favor of Viera's presidential candidacy. This had been assured since 1913, as noted by one study, "by the proclamation of the National Commission of the Colorado Party and the formal commitment of seventy-two legislators of that same political affiliation. At the session of March 1, 1915, in which the election was to take place, the nationalists and some of the senators who were opposed to the formula of the Collegiate Executive Power abstained from attending. Dr. Viera was elected by the unanimous vote of the seventy-odd legislators present. "I promise to help you," he said when taking the oath, "to the realization of the Collegiate Executive Power; and I will fight so that the suffrage is increasingly purer." "
On July the 14th 1913, a Colorado convention nominated Viera as their candidate. Viera’s candidacy, as noted by one study, “was supported by the Batllista majority of the Colorado Party.” A letter was read out that had been written by Domingo Arena, a close Batlle ally who was recovering from an auto accident. In the letter Arena noted that constitutional reform was being blocked by the Senate majority, while advocating Viera's nomination: "Therefore, I move that this assembly resolve to support the candidacy of doctor Feliciano Viera should the election of the Executive Power have to be carried out in accord with the present Constitution. If we want to guarantee the triumph of the Colegiado, it is essential that the future president not only be in favour of the Colegiado but that his character, rectitude, intelligence, and party loyalty be sufficient assurance that the decisions of the Convention will be complied with without vacillations of any sort, and doctor Viera offers all those guarantees."
There were, as noted by one study, cheers from the delegates and speeches, with one attendee, Francisco Simón, describing Viera as the man to continue Batlle's work, while also noting his popularity in the interior. That same day a "Youth Committee pro Viera" was formed which dropped manifestos and Viera portraits from the balcony while Viera was being nominated by acclamation. In an interview with El Día, Viera noted his support for the Colegiado proposal. Pedro Manini Ríos, Batlle's political protégé, wrote positively of Viera, stating that
I had accustomed myself to see Batlle's natural successor in Viera and looked forward to it, because El Indio, as we call him familiarly, in spite of the prejudices against him, in spite of his negative qualities, is loyal, calm, honest, and straightforward as a statesman, and I am sure that should he occupy the presidency, he would surround himself with good ministers, to whom he would give great freedom of administrative action while he reserved politics for himself, something he would know how to do, directly, nobly, and with fairness."
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Feliciano Viera
Feliciano Alberto Viera Borges (8 November 1872 – 13 November 1927) was a Uruguayan political figure.
Viera was born in Salto, where he started his education at the Academy of Osimani and Llerena. When he was fifteen he went to Montevideo and entered the university. His studies were interrupted by revolutionary outbreaks, which led to his family to emigrate to Argentina. During the Presidency of Lieut.-General Tajes Viera returned and renewed his studies. At the age of 21 he obtained his degree of Bachelor and in 1898 received his degree of Advocate after presenting a thesis on "La libertad de reunion." That same year Viera's political career started when he was appointed to a post in the Council of State, which was established by the then President Cuestas. Viera resigned from this position very soon after receiving it. Later that year the Government nominated him Civil Governor and head of the Police in the Department of Artigas and in 1899 was elected Deputy for El Salto. Viera was re-elected Deputy in 1901, and during his second term, as noted by one study, he took "a prominent position in furthering important measures afterwards converted into laws which met with the approval of the Press of all parties." At the start of the 1904 revolution Viera was put under the charge of the 9th Battalion of the National guard by president José Batlle y Ordóñez. In 1905 Viera was again elected Deputy for El Salto, and one year afterwards Senator for the Department of Rivera.
He was a member of the Colorado Party and closely identified with the liberal former president José Batlle y Ordóñez, who long dominated Uruguay's political life, being a Batllista before 1903. In the 1903 election he contributed his vote to the election of Batlle, and was elected senator for Rivera. During Batlle's first term Viera was also elected by the Chamber (along with 4 other stalwart Batllistas) to the Permanent Committee which sat when the legislature wasn't in session. Also during Batlle's first presidential term, Viera has helped make possible the passage of a taxation project. The executive proposed to increase the rural land taxes by some 110,000 pesos over the 1,192,313 pesos collected in 1902–1903, but the Chamber of Deputies, as noted by one study, "was reluctant to approve the increases for next year. Now was a bad time to raise assessments; ranchers were already fearful of war; drought and plagues had ravaged the interior; the government did not need more taxes." The project was saved by a compromise by Viera. Previously the departmental administrations had received all rural land-tax collections which went beyond the amounts collected in 1898–1899; the central government only received the amount collected in that fiscal year. As noted by one study, "The Executive's project changed this: the basic property tax would remain at 6.50 pesos per 1,000 pesos of assessed value, of which the national government would receive 5.50 pesos and the administration of the department where the property was located 1 peso. Viera got the Executive to agree to a stipulation: if the 1 per 1,000 rate in a department did not produce as much total revenue as the departmental administration had received in fiscal 1902-1903 under the old system, the central government would reimburse the department for the difference. The Deputies, now that they had protected local government, reluctantly approved the increased rural land taxes."
Prior to becoming president, Viera was the campaign manager of Batlle's presidential successor Claudio Williman However, Williman vetoed Viera for a ministry, along with Domingo Arena (a close ally of Batlle's) for the Senate because, according to one study, "they were too Batllista and he wanted to keep up appearances." Viera did however serve in Batlle's second government as interior minister. This was, at that time, the most important cabinet post in the administration. Viera also served as the President of the Senate of Uruguay from 1907 to 1912.
On one occasion, the Batllistas won all the Colorado seats, 68 seats in total (compared to 21 for the Blancos), ensuring Viera's election as president. He was, according to one study, "a Colorado of tradition and a committed batllista, a man of complete confidence of Don Pepe, who could be sure that if he became president, he would carry out the party's projects and objectives." Batlle himself spoke out and poured his influence in favor of Viera's presidential candidacy. This had been assured since 1913, as noted by one study, "by the proclamation of the National Commission of the Colorado Party and the formal commitment of seventy-two legislators of that same political affiliation. At the session of March 1, 1915, in which the election was to take place, the nationalists and some of the senators who were opposed to the formula of the Collegiate Executive Power abstained from attending. Dr. Viera was elected by the unanimous vote of the seventy-odd legislators present. "I promise to help you," he said when taking the oath, "to the realization of the Collegiate Executive Power; and I will fight so that the suffrage is increasingly purer." "
On July the 14th 1913, a Colorado convention nominated Viera as their candidate. Viera’s candidacy, as noted by one study, “was supported by the Batllista majority of the Colorado Party.” A letter was read out that had been written by Domingo Arena, a close Batlle ally who was recovering from an auto accident. In the letter Arena noted that constitutional reform was being blocked by the Senate majority, while advocating Viera's nomination: "Therefore, I move that this assembly resolve to support the candidacy of doctor Feliciano Viera should the election of the Executive Power have to be carried out in accord with the present Constitution. If we want to guarantee the triumph of the Colegiado, it is essential that the future president not only be in favour of the Colegiado but that his character, rectitude, intelligence, and party loyalty be sufficient assurance that the decisions of the Convention will be complied with without vacillations of any sort, and doctor Viera offers all those guarantees."
There were, as noted by one study, cheers from the delegates and speeches, with one attendee, Francisco Simón, describing Viera as the man to continue Batlle's work, while also noting his popularity in the interior. That same day a "Youth Committee pro Viera" was formed which dropped manifestos and Viera portraits from the balcony while Viera was being nominated by acclamation. In an interview with El Día, Viera noted his support for the Colegiado proposal. Pedro Manini Ríos, Batlle's political protégé, wrote positively of Viera, stating that
I had accustomed myself to see Batlle's natural successor in Viera and looked forward to it, because El Indio, as we call him familiarly, in spite of the prejudices against him, in spite of his negative qualities, is loyal, calm, honest, and straightforward as a statesman, and I am sure that should he occupy the presidency, he would surround himself with good ministers, to whom he would give great freedom of administrative action while he reserved politics for himself, something he would know how to do, directly, nobly, and with fairness."
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