Five Sisters window
Five Sisters window
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Five Sisters window

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Five Sisters window

York Minster's Five Sisters window contains the largest expanse of 13th century grisaille glass in the world. It was built c. 1250–1260[contradictory] and is located in the north wall of the north transept of York Minster. The window features in the Guinness Book of Records as "the largest ancient stained-glass window in the British Isles."

The window was restored between 1923 and 1925 and rededicated to all the women of the British Empire who were killed in the line of duty during World War I. It is the only memorial in the UK dedicated to these women.

It is not known where the name Five Sisters originates. It first appeared in print in Francis Drake's 1736 Eboracum; or the History and Antiquities of the City of York. It is possible that it is a corruption of Five Cistercians. There is also a legend of five women working the design into a tapestry. An article in a 1950 newspaper begins the story with "Centuries ago there lived at a house called Calais Wold, not far from Bishop Wilton, in the Pocklington area, five sisters, each of whom made a tapestry."

Charles Dickens included the legend The Five Sisters of York in chapter six of Nicholas Nickleby with five sisters all working on embroideries. He wrote that "the device was of a complex and intricate description, and the pattern and the colours of all five were the same." At the end of the story, after one of the sisters had died, "they sent abroad to artists of great celebrity in those times, and... caused to be executed in five large compartments of richly stained glass a faithful copy of their old embroidery work." The story was illustrated by Hablot Knight Browne, better known as Phiz.

The design consists of five lights featuring a grisaille design comprising 100,000 pieces of glass. Each light measures 16.31 m (53 ft 6 in) high and 1.56 m (5 ft 1 in) wide, separated by columns of stone and Purbeck marble, with foliaged capitals. The design includes clusters of grapes and leaves, together with some early examples of "embryonic naturalistic leaf forms". The pattern is "an elaborate but restrained arrangement of the foliage of the Planta Benedicta (herb Bennet)". The plain border surrounding the glass was inserted in 1715.

At the bottom of the central light is one panel of earlier Norman glass (c.1180), showing Habbakuk feeding Daniel in the lions' den. The design includes ivy, symbolising love and sacrifice, and maple, symbolising victory. It probably came from a medallion window and was most likely moved into the Five Sisters window during the 17th century.

The Five Sisters were built c. 1250-70[contradictory]. Their creation was funded in part by York's Jewish community, notably the wealthy Aaron of York, leading to the windows being called "the Jewish window".

In the 16th century, upkeep of the Five Sisters was financed by Cross Keys Farm, an estate belonging to the Church of York. The windows were spared destruction under Oliver Cromwell because Yorkshire-born Lord Thomas Fairfax, Cromwell's Parliamentary General, issued an order that "the man who damaged the windows [of York Minster] would be shot at sight."

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