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Francisco Barreto
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Francisco Barreto
Francisco Barreto (occasionally Francisco de Barreto, 1520 – 9 July 1573) was a Portuguese soldier and explorer. An officer in Morocco during his early life, Barreto sailed to Portuguese India and was eventually appointed viceroy of the colony. After his return to Lisbon, he was tasked with an expedition to southeast Africa in search of legendary gold mines. Barreto died in what is now Mozambique, having never reached the mines.
Born in Faro in 1520, Barreto was the second son of Rui Barreto, an influential nobleman, and Branca de Vilhena. He received military training in Morocco, and eventually served in Azemmour, near Casablanca.
Barreto was appointed captain of a large fleet by John III and embarked for Portuguese India on 16 November 1547. He served as captain of Bassein from 1549 to 1552. He gradually gained influence at the viceregal court, securing several prominent nominations.
Barreto took up the position of viceroy in Goa, headquarters of the colony, in June 1555, following the death of viceroy Pedro Mascarenhas. On the occasion of his investiture, a play by Luís de Camões, Auto de Filodemo, was put on. Barreto later ordered Camões exiled to Macau (also a Portuguese colony) for his satirical Disparates da Índia, which criticized Portuguese life in India.
During his tenure as governor, the intended Catholic Patriarch for Ethiopia arrived, accompanied by an embassy led by Fernando de Sousa de Castello Branco, on 15 March 1556. Because he had more accurate information on matters in that country, Barreto held back most of this party, although allowing Bishop André de Oviedo to continue with some companions. This small group, carried in four small ships, landed at Arqiqo in March 1557, shortly before the Ottoman Empire occupied that port.
According to Robert Kerr in A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels, Mascarenhas, in a bid to gain a Portuguese ally in the region, had supported a usurper against one Adel Khan, King of Visapur. Mascarenhas died shortly after sending soldiers to aid in the usurper's takeover, and Barreto continued Portuguese support of the usurper until his capture. In 1557, Barreto clashed with Khan's army at Ponda and was victorious.
Barreto also involved in negotiations for a peaceful acquisition of Daman, but they failed. He was more successful in defeating the Rajah of Calicut and in preparing a huge fleet to be sent against the Aceh sultanate. His departure there was halted with the arrival of a new ruler.
Succeeded by Constantino de Bragança in 1558, Barreto left Goa for Lisbon aboard the Águia on 20 January 1559. After a damaging storm, she was repaired in what is now Mozambique and set sail again on 17 November the same year. Soon after she sprang a leak, and returned to the African coast.
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Francisco Barreto
Francisco Barreto (occasionally Francisco de Barreto, 1520 – 9 July 1573) was a Portuguese soldier and explorer. An officer in Morocco during his early life, Barreto sailed to Portuguese India and was eventually appointed viceroy of the colony. After his return to Lisbon, he was tasked with an expedition to southeast Africa in search of legendary gold mines. Barreto died in what is now Mozambique, having never reached the mines.
Born in Faro in 1520, Barreto was the second son of Rui Barreto, an influential nobleman, and Branca de Vilhena. He received military training in Morocco, and eventually served in Azemmour, near Casablanca.
Barreto was appointed captain of a large fleet by John III and embarked for Portuguese India on 16 November 1547. He served as captain of Bassein from 1549 to 1552. He gradually gained influence at the viceregal court, securing several prominent nominations.
Barreto took up the position of viceroy in Goa, headquarters of the colony, in June 1555, following the death of viceroy Pedro Mascarenhas. On the occasion of his investiture, a play by Luís de Camões, Auto de Filodemo, was put on. Barreto later ordered Camões exiled to Macau (also a Portuguese colony) for his satirical Disparates da Índia, which criticized Portuguese life in India.
During his tenure as governor, the intended Catholic Patriarch for Ethiopia arrived, accompanied by an embassy led by Fernando de Sousa de Castello Branco, on 15 March 1556. Because he had more accurate information on matters in that country, Barreto held back most of this party, although allowing Bishop André de Oviedo to continue with some companions. This small group, carried in four small ships, landed at Arqiqo in March 1557, shortly before the Ottoman Empire occupied that port.
According to Robert Kerr in A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels, Mascarenhas, in a bid to gain a Portuguese ally in the region, had supported a usurper against one Adel Khan, King of Visapur. Mascarenhas died shortly after sending soldiers to aid in the usurper's takeover, and Barreto continued Portuguese support of the usurper until his capture. In 1557, Barreto clashed with Khan's army at Ponda and was victorious.
Barreto also involved in negotiations for a peaceful acquisition of Daman, but they failed. He was more successful in defeating the Rajah of Calicut and in preparing a huge fleet to be sent against the Aceh sultanate. His departure there was halted with the arrival of a new ruler.
Succeeded by Constantino de Bragança in 1558, Barreto left Goa for Lisbon aboard the Águia on 20 January 1559. After a damaging storm, she was repaired in what is now Mozambique and set sail again on 17 November the same year. Soon after she sprang a leak, and returned to the African coast.
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