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GOLM1
View on Wikipedia| GOLM1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | GOLM1, C9orf155, GOLPH2, GP73, HEL46, PSEC0257, bA379P1.3, golgi membrane protein 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 606804; MGI: 1917329; HomoloGene: 12346; GeneCards: GOLM1; OMA:GOLM1 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Golgi membrane protein 1 (GOLM1) also known as Golgi phosphoprotein 2 or Golgi membrane protein GP73 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GOLM1 gene.[5][6][7] Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described for this gene.
Function
[edit]The Golgi complex plays a key role in the sorting and modification of proteins exported from the endoplasmic reticulum. The protein encoded by this gene is a type II Golgi transmembrane protein. It processes protein synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and assists in the transport of protein cargo through the Golgi apparatus. The expression of this encoded protein has been observed to be upregulated in response to viral infection.[7]
Clinical significance
[edit]Golgi membrane protein 1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer[8][9] and lung adenocarcinoma tissue.[10]
Blood levels of GP73 are higher in patients with liver cancer than in healthy individuals. In addition, levels were not significantly higher in patients with diseases other than liver disease. The current blood test used to screen for early tumors in people at high risk for liver cancer involves the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Patients who are at risk for non-metastatic, or primary, liver cancer typically have chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis. Such cases of cirrhosis are usually due to infection caused by infectious hepatitis (usually hepatitis B or hepatitis C, though there are other strains), or because of degenerative fatty liver disease (which can be especially severe in those with alcoholism). However, the AFP test is not usually sensitive enough to detect liver cancer in time and it often generates false positives. So far, the blood samples of more than 1,000 patients with various stages of liver and non-liver disease have been tested for the presence of GP73 in several studies. Several medical diagnostic companies are in the process of developing automated serum tests for the protein that could be performed in routine hospital laboratories.[11]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000135052 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021556 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Kladney RD, Bulla GA, Guo L, Mason AL, Tollefson AE, Simon DJ, Koutoubi Z, Fimmel CJ (May 2000). "GP73, a novel Golgi-localized protein upregulated by viral infection". Gene. 249 (1–2): 53–65. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00136-0. PMC 7127640. PMID 10831838.
- ^ Varambally S, Laxman B, Mehra R, Cao Q, Dhanasekaran SM, Tomlins SA, Granger J, Vellaichamy A, Sreekumar A, Yu J, Gu W, Shen R, Ghosh D, Wright LM, Kladney RD, Kuefer R, Rubin MA, Fimmel CJ, Chinnaiyan AM (November 2008). "Golgi protein GOLM1 is a tissue and urine biomarker of prostate cancer". Neoplasia. 10 (11): 1285–94. doi:10.1593/neo.08922. PMC 2570605. PMID 18953438.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: GOLPH2 golgi phosphoprotein 2".
- ^ Laxman B, Morris DS, Yu J, Siddiqui J, Cao J, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Tsodikov A, Wei JT, Tomlins SA, Chinnaiyan AM (February 2008). "A first-generation multiplex biomarker analysis of urine for the early detection of prostate cancer". Cancer Research. 68 (3): 645–9. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-3224. PMC 2998181. PMID 18245462.
- ^ Wei S, Dunn TA, Isaacs WB, De Marzo AM, Luo J (September 2008). "GOLPH2 and MYO6: putative prostate cancer markers localized to the Golgi apparatus". The Prostate. 68 (13): 1387–95. doi:10.1002/pros.20806. PMC 4124602. PMID 18543251.
- ^ Zhang F, Gu Y, Li X, Wang W, He J, Peng T (August 2010). "Up-regulated Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2) expression in lung adenocarcinoma tissue". Clinical Biochemistry. 43 (12): 983–91. doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.05.010. PMID 20501332.
- ^ "New biomarker could lead to the world's first reliable test for liver cancer". Loyola Medicine News Release. Loyola University Medical Center. 2010-04-08. Archived from the original on 2011-07-20. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Further reading
[edit]- Kladney RD, Cui X, Bulla GA, Brunt EM, Fimmel CJ (June 2002). "Expression of GP73, a resident Golgi membrane protein, in viral and nonviral liver disease". Hepatology. 35 (6): 1431–40. doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.32525. PMID 12029628. S2CID 27638187.
- Bauer K, Zemlin M, Hummel M, Pfeiffer S, Karstaedt J, Steinhauser G, Xiao X, Versmold H, Berek C (August 2002). "Diversification of Ig heavy chain genes in human preterm neonates prematurely exposed to environmental antigens". Journal of Immunology. 169 (3): 1349–56. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.3.1349. PMID 12133958.
- Puri S, Bachert C, Fimmel CJ, Linstedt AD (September 2002). "Cycling of early Golgi proteins via the cell surface and endosomes upon lumenal pH disruption". Traffic. 3 (9): 641–53. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0854.2002.30906.x. PMID 12191016. S2CID 38956403.
- Kladney RD, Tollefson AE, Wold WS, Fimmel CJ (September 2002). "Upregulation of the Golgi protein GP73 by adenovirus infection requires the E1A CtBP interaction domain". Virology. 301 (2): 236–46. doi:10.1006/viro.2002.1523. PMID 12359426.
- Zhang H, Li XJ, Martin DB, Aebersold R (June 2003). "Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry". Nature Biotechnology. 21 (6): 660–6. doi:10.1038/nbt827. PMID 12754519. S2CID 581283.
- Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Hayashi K, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto J, Wakamatsu A, Kimura K, Sakamoto K, Hatano N, Kawai Y, Ishii S, Saito K, Kojima S, Sugiyama T, Ono T, Okano K, Yoshikawa Y, Aotsuka S, Sasaki N, Hattori A, Okumura K, Nagai K, Sugano S, Isogai T (2007). "Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries". DNA Research. 12 (2): 117–26. doi:10.1093/dnares/12.2.117. PMID 16303743.
- Ramachandran P, Boontheung P, Xie Y, Sondej M, Wong DT, Loo JA (June 2006). "Identification of N-linked glycoproteins in human saliva by glycoprotein capture and mass spectrometry". Journal of Proteome Research. 5 (6): 1493–503. doi:10.1021/pr050492k. PMID 16740002.
- Bachert C, Fimmel C, Linstedt AD (October 2007). "Endosomal trafficking and proprotein convertase cleavage of cis Golgi protein GP73 produces marker for hepatocellular carcinoma". Traffic. 8 (10): 1415–23. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0854.2007.00621.x. PMID 17662025. S2CID 27491613.
- Gu Y, Chen W, Zhao Y, Chen L, Peng T (January 2009). "Quantitative analysis of elevated serum Golgi protein-73 expression in patients with liver diseases". Annals of Clinical Biochemistry. 46 (Pt 1): 38–43. doi:10.1258/acb.2008.008088. PMID 19008260.
- Zhou Y, Li L, Hu L, Peng T (March 2011). "Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GOLPH2/GP73/GOLM1) interacts with secretory clusterin". Molecular Biology Reports. 38 (3): 1457–62. doi:10.1007/s11033-010-0251-7. PMID 20842452. S2CID 22823938.
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