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Gando Massacre
The Gando massacre was a mass murder committed by the Japanese military against the Korean residents of Gando (present-day Jiandao, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin, China), after the Hunchun incident.
The massacre occurred over a period of three weeks starting in October 1920, the day of the Hunchun Incident after the Battle of Qingshanli. During this period, soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army murdered Korean civilians who numbered an estimated at least 5,000, and perpetrated widespread rape.
In June 1920, Japan, which suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Fengwudong, launched the so-called 'Gando Region Bulyeong Seonin Scorched Land Plan (間島地方不逞鮮人剿討計劃)' for a large-scale 'subjugation' of the independence army and invaded Gando with the size estimated to be around 18,000. However, these units were attacked by the Korean Northern Army Command.
In October 1920, Japan launched the Hunchun incident to create a pretext for the Japanese army's invasion of Manchuria. And under the pretext of this, the Japanese army invaded Gando and carried out a scorched earth operation in order to eliminate the Korean Independence Army. However, at almost the same time as the Japanese army's Invasion of Manchuria, the Korean Independence Army had already moved its troops deep into the mountains or into the Sino-Soviet border area, out of the Japanese army's pursuit, causing a setback in the Japanese army's operations from the beginning. Moreover, the Japanese army, which had suffered a crushing defeat by the Korean Independence Army at the Battle of Cheongsanri, abandoned the subjugation plan and carried out an indiscriminate massacre of Koreans in retaliation over the course of three to four months.
The Japanese army surrounded and attacked the Korean village, gathered all the men in one place and massacred them with guns or spears, and raped and killed the women on sight. In addition, they burned all the houses and looted the livestock, turning the village into ruins.
The 19th Division of the Japanese Army invaded the North Gando region and burned down the barracks and the officers' training center building of the North Gando Association, and at the end of October 1920, they caused the Jangam-dong disaster. The 77 troops of the 3rd Battalion of the 15th Regiment of the 14th Division of the Japanese Army from the Maritime Province, entered Jangam-dong, located 25 ri north of Yongjeongchon, and gathered all the residents, the majority of whom were Christians, at a church and held a concentration camp. They set up 28 Christians and used them as targets for rifle shooting practice, and in Uiran-gu, Yanji County, they massacred all the residents of about 30 households and killed four brothers. They made the above 33 men kneel on the ground, filled the church with straw bales, sprinkled petroleum on them, and set it on fire. The church was immediately engulfed in flames, and the Japanese soldiers committed atrocities by stabbing and eventually exterminating all those who jumped out of the fire.
After the Japanese army returned, the distraught families retrieved the charred bodies, barely dressed it, and held a funeral. However, five or six days later, the Japanese army attacked the village again and ordered graves to be dug and the bodies gathered in one place. In order to survive, the family dug up the frozen ground again and gathered all the corpses. This time, the Japanese soldiers got straw bales on the corpses, sprinkled oil on them, and set them on fire, burning them until they turned into charcoal and ashes. The bodies of these double massacres were unknown, so the families were unable to do so, so they buried them together and made a tomb.
Also, on 19 October 1920, Japanese troops arrested Lee Yong-jeom, the chief of Bukjangpae Village in Hwaryong-hyeon, and farmers Jang Doo-hwan, Shin Guk-hyeon, and Kim Jong-min, and killed them in Pungdoryeong. They broke into Songeon-dun (宋堰屯), Hwaryong-hyeon, searched the house, massacred 14 people, including Ji Gye-sun, and then caused the 'Songeon-dong Massacre' by spraying oil and incinerating the bodies.
Gando Massacre
The Gando massacre was a mass murder committed by the Japanese military against the Korean residents of Gando (present-day Jiandao, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin, China), after the Hunchun incident.
The massacre occurred over a period of three weeks starting in October 1920, the day of the Hunchun Incident after the Battle of Qingshanli. During this period, soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army murdered Korean civilians who numbered an estimated at least 5,000, and perpetrated widespread rape.
In June 1920, Japan, which suffered a crushing defeat in the Battle of Fengwudong, launched the so-called 'Gando Region Bulyeong Seonin Scorched Land Plan (間島地方不逞鮮人剿討計劃)' for a large-scale 'subjugation' of the independence army and invaded Gando with the size estimated to be around 18,000. However, these units were attacked by the Korean Northern Army Command.
In October 1920, Japan launched the Hunchun incident to create a pretext for the Japanese army's invasion of Manchuria. And under the pretext of this, the Japanese army invaded Gando and carried out a scorched earth operation in order to eliminate the Korean Independence Army. However, at almost the same time as the Japanese army's Invasion of Manchuria, the Korean Independence Army had already moved its troops deep into the mountains or into the Sino-Soviet border area, out of the Japanese army's pursuit, causing a setback in the Japanese army's operations from the beginning. Moreover, the Japanese army, which had suffered a crushing defeat by the Korean Independence Army at the Battle of Cheongsanri, abandoned the subjugation plan and carried out an indiscriminate massacre of Koreans in retaliation over the course of three to four months.
The Japanese army surrounded and attacked the Korean village, gathered all the men in one place and massacred them with guns or spears, and raped and killed the women on sight. In addition, they burned all the houses and looted the livestock, turning the village into ruins.
The 19th Division of the Japanese Army invaded the North Gando region and burned down the barracks and the officers' training center building of the North Gando Association, and at the end of October 1920, they caused the Jangam-dong disaster. The 77 troops of the 3rd Battalion of the 15th Regiment of the 14th Division of the Japanese Army from the Maritime Province, entered Jangam-dong, located 25 ri north of Yongjeongchon, and gathered all the residents, the majority of whom were Christians, at a church and held a concentration camp. They set up 28 Christians and used them as targets for rifle shooting practice, and in Uiran-gu, Yanji County, they massacred all the residents of about 30 households and killed four brothers. They made the above 33 men kneel on the ground, filled the church with straw bales, sprinkled petroleum on them, and set it on fire. The church was immediately engulfed in flames, and the Japanese soldiers committed atrocities by stabbing and eventually exterminating all those who jumped out of the fire.
After the Japanese army returned, the distraught families retrieved the charred bodies, barely dressed it, and held a funeral. However, five or six days later, the Japanese army attacked the village again and ordered graves to be dug and the bodies gathered in one place. In order to survive, the family dug up the frozen ground again and gathered all the corpses. This time, the Japanese soldiers got straw bales on the corpses, sprinkled oil on them, and set them on fire, burning them until they turned into charcoal and ashes. The bodies of these double massacres were unknown, so the families were unable to do so, so they buried them together and made a tomb.
Also, on 19 October 1920, Japanese troops arrested Lee Yong-jeom, the chief of Bukjangpae Village in Hwaryong-hyeon, and farmers Jang Doo-hwan, Shin Guk-hyeon, and Kim Jong-min, and killed them in Pungdoryeong. They broke into Songeon-dun (宋堰屯), Hwaryong-hyeon, searched the house, massacred 14 people, including Ji Gye-sun, and then caused the 'Songeon-dong Massacre' by spraying oil and incinerating the bodies.