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Geniospasm
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Geniospasm
Geniospasm is movement disorder of the mentalis muscle.
It is a benign genetic disorder linked to chromosome 9q13-q21 where there are episodic involuntary up and down movements of the chin and lower lip. The movements consist of rapid fluttering or trembling at about 8 Hz superimposed onto a once per three seconds movement of higher amplitude and occur symmetrically in the V-shaped muscle. The tongue and buccal floor muscles may also be affected but to a much lesser degree.[citation needed]
The movements are always present but extreme episodes may be precipitated by stress, concentration or emotion and commence in early childhood.[citation needed]
The condition is extremely rare and in a study in 1999 only 23 families in the world were known to be affected,[citation needed] although it may be under-reported. Inheritance is aggressively autosomal dominant. In at least two studies the condition appeared spontaneously in the families.[citation needed]
The condition responds very well to regular botulinum toxin injections into the mentalis muscle which paralyse the muscle but cause no impairment of facial expression or speech.
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Geniospasm
Geniospasm is movement disorder of the mentalis muscle.
It is a benign genetic disorder linked to chromosome 9q13-q21 where there are episodic involuntary up and down movements of the chin and lower lip. The movements consist of rapid fluttering or trembling at about 8 Hz superimposed onto a once per three seconds movement of higher amplitude and occur symmetrically in the V-shaped muscle. The tongue and buccal floor muscles may also be affected but to a much lesser degree.[citation needed]
The movements are always present but extreme episodes may be precipitated by stress, concentration or emotion and commence in early childhood.[citation needed]
The condition is extremely rare and in a study in 1999 only 23 families in the world were known to be affected,[citation needed] although it may be under-reported. Inheritance is aggressively autosomal dominant. In at least two studies the condition appeared spontaneously in the families.[citation needed]
The condition responds very well to regular botulinum toxin injections into the mentalis muscle which paralyse the muscle but cause no impairment of facial expression or speech.
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