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Goda Ravi
Goda Ravi (fl. 905/06–c. 943/44 AD) was a Chera Perumal king of medieval Kerala, southern India. The reign of Goda Ravi witnessed strengthened ties between the Cheras and the Cholas, as numerous Kerala military personnel served under the Chola prince Rajaditya in the Tamil country.
Temple inscriptions mentioning Goda Ravi have been discovered in central and north-central Kerala. These records refer, among other things, to several Chera royals — princes titled "Koyil" or "Ala-Koyil" and queens or princesses called Cheraman Maha Devi or Ravi Piratti — as well as the chieftains of Vembanadu (Alappuzha) and Valluvanadu, the latter bearing the title "Rayira Ravar". The inscriptions also mention the so-called "Agreement of Muzhikkulam". It is also known that the deposed Pandya ruler Rajasimha II took refuge with the Cheras, or Keralas, around 920 AD.
Goda Ravi was formerly identified with king Vijayaraga (c. 883/84 — c. 895 AD) of the medieval Chera dynasty of Kerala. He was also initially identified as the brother-in-law of the Pandya ruler Jatavarman Kulasekhara Deva I (the Shermadevi inscription).
Goda Ravi was formerly tentatively identified with king Vijayaraga of the Chera dynasty of Kerala. Vijayaraga appears in three records: the Quilon Syrian copper plates (849 AD); an undated inscription of a Chera princess (the daughter of Kulasekhara and the wife of Vijayaraga); and a Thiruvotriyur inscription (936 AD, 29th regnal year) of Parantaka I, which mentions the daughter of the Chera king Vijayaraga ("Ravi Neeli alias Kizhan Adikal").
The identification of Goda Ravi with Vijayaraga was based on the assumption that the personal name of Vijayaraga was "Ravi", since his daughter's name was Ravi Neeli. The then-accepted late date of the Quilon Syrian copper plates (c. 883 AD; the second set) also supported this identification, since the last regnal year of Goda Ravi Vijayaraga was then suggested to have been around 913 AD.
In his 2020 study, edited by the noted Kerala historian Kesavan Veluthat, the scholar Manu Devadevan rejected the coronation year of Goda Ravi as c. 883 AD and categorically separated Vijayaraga from Goda Ravi.
An inscription of Goda Ravi from Nedumpuram Thali temple at Thichoor, Wadakkanchery, concerning a land grant, is one of rare medieval Chera inscriptions that record both a regnal year and another era (the Kali Year) simultaneously. The regnal year appears at the beginning of the inscription (17th year, with Jupiter in Mithuna), while the Kali Year appears at the end. Recent interpretations suggest that the temple committee met and approved the land grant in the 17th regnal year of Goda Ravi, when Jupiter was in Mithuna, whereas the inscription presently available was commissioned later, corresponding to Kali Year 4030.
Note: Material—granite; Script—Vattezhuthu (with some Grantha characters); Language—old Malayalam (unless otherwise stated).
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Goda Ravi
Goda Ravi (fl. 905/06–c. 943/44 AD) was a Chera Perumal king of medieval Kerala, southern India. The reign of Goda Ravi witnessed strengthened ties between the Cheras and the Cholas, as numerous Kerala military personnel served under the Chola prince Rajaditya in the Tamil country.
Temple inscriptions mentioning Goda Ravi have been discovered in central and north-central Kerala. These records refer, among other things, to several Chera royals — princes titled "Koyil" or "Ala-Koyil" and queens or princesses called Cheraman Maha Devi or Ravi Piratti — as well as the chieftains of Vembanadu (Alappuzha) and Valluvanadu, the latter bearing the title "Rayira Ravar". The inscriptions also mention the so-called "Agreement of Muzhikkulam". It is also known that the deposed Pandya ruler Rajasimha II took refuge with the Cheras, or Keralas, around 920 AD.
Goda Ravi was formerly identified with king Vijayaraga (c. 883/84 — c. 895 AD) of the medieval Chera dynasty of Kerala. He was also initially identified as the brother-in-law of the Pandya ruler Jatavarman Kulasekhara Deva I (the Shermadevi inscription).
Goda Ravi was formerly tentatively identified with king Vijayaraga of the Chera dynasty of Kerala. Vijayaraga appears in three records: the Quilon Syrian copper plates (849 AD); an undated inscription of a Chera princess (the daughter of Kulasekhara and the wife of Vijayaraga); and a Thiruvotriyur inscription (936 AD, 29th regnal year) of Parantaka I, which mentions the daughter of the Chera king Vijayaraga ("Ravi Neeli alias Kizhan Adikal").
The identification of Goda Ravi with Vijayaraga was based on the assumption that the personal name of Vijayaraga was "Ravi", since his daughter's name was Ravi Neeli. The then-accepted late date of the Quilon Syrian copper plates (c. 883 AD; the second set) also supported this identification, since the last regnal year of Goda Ravi Vijayaraga was then suggested to have been around 913 AD.
In his 2020 study, edited by the noted Kerala historian Kesavan Veluthat, the scholar Manu Devadevan rejected the coronation year of Goda Ravi as c. 883 AD and categorically separated Vijayaraga from Goda Ravi.
An inscription of Goda Ravi from Nedumpuram Thali temple at Thichoor, Wadakkanchery, concerning a land grant, is one of rare medieval Chera inscriptions that record both a regnal year and another era (the Kali Year) simultaneously. The regnal year appears at the beginning of the inscription (17th year, with Jupiter in Mithuna), while the Kali Year appears at the end. Recent interpretations suggest that the temple committee met and approved the land grant in the 17th regnal year of Goda Ravi, when Jupiter was in Mithuna, whereas the inscription presently available was commissioned later, corresponding to Kali Year 4030.
Note: Material—granite; Script—Vattezhuthu (with some Grantha characters); Language—old Malayalam (unless otherwise stated).